Introduction to Arduino

People behind the Arduino

Arduin of Hernando Massimo Arduino

Ivrea Barragan Banzi
What is the Arduino
 Arduino
• Arduino is an open-source electronics
prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-
to-use hardware and software.
• It's intended for
• artists,
• designers,
• hobbyists,
• and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or
environments.
 Arduino
• Arduino can sense the environment by
receiving input from a variety of sensors and
• can affect its surroundings by controlling
lights, motors, and other actuators.
• The microcontroller on the board is
programmed using the
Arduino programming language (based on
Wiring) and the Arduino development
environment (based on Processing).
 Arduino Microcontroller Boards (www.arduino.cc)
Arduino produces several versions of microcontrollers, including:

This is the
Arduino we’ll
be using for
this course.
 Arduino Microcontrollers - specifications
Each microcontroller has different specifications. A few specifications for three of
the Arduino microcontrollers are listed below.

Arduino UNO R3 Arduino Mega 2560 R3 Arduino DUE

• Atmega 328 8-bit AMTEL •Atmega 2560 8-bit AMTEL •AT91SAM3X8E 32- bit ARM
AVR RISC microprocessor AVR RISC microprocessor Cortex-M3 microprocessor
• 14 digital I/O pins •54 digital I/O pins •54 digital I/O pins
• 6 PWM digital I/O pins •14 PWM digital I/O pins •12 PWM digital I/O pins
• 6 analog I/O pins •16 analog I/O pins •12 analog I/O pins
• 16 MHz clock speed •16 MHz clock speed •84 MHz clock speed
• 32 kB flash memory for •256 kB flash memory for •512 kB flash memory for
storage of code storage of code storage of code
• $28.49 •$55.56 •$55.56
 What is a Development
Board
• A printed circuit
board designed to
facilitate work with
a particular
microcontroller.
• Typical components include:
• power circuit
• programming interface
• basic input; usually buttons and LEDs
• I/O pins
The Arduino Development
Board

Making-robots-with-arduino.pdf
 Arduino Microcontroller Boards
The power pins are as follows:
•Vin. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source

•5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other
components on the board.

•3V3. A 3.3-volt supply generated by the on-board FTDI chip. Maximum current draw
is 50 mA.
•GND. Ground pins.

USB connector

Power connector

3V3 output 5V output Vin

The Arduino Microcontroller:
Atmel ARV Atmega 328

Specification
Making-robots-with-arduino.pdf
 Power
• The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection
or with an external power supply.
• External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-
DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be
connected by plugging a 2.1 mm center-positive plug into
the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be
inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER
connector
 Power
• The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20
volts. If supplied with less than 7 V, however, the 5 V
pin may supply less than five volts and the board may
be unstable. If using more than 12 V, the voltage
regulator may overheat and damage the board.
• The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
Powering the Arduino UNO The Arduino can be powered using:
1)USB cable (5V input) – OK for downloading and testing programs, but not for driving
external circuits. Provides a weak 5V to the Arduino board
2)AC to DC Adaptor (recommended 9 to 12V DC, 250mA or more, 2.1mm plug, centre pin positive)
3)DC Power Supply (7V – 12V recommended, 6V – 20V limits)
4)4 AA Batteries ( ≈ 6V input) - Provides a weak 5V to the Arduino board
5)5 AA Batteries (≈ 7.5V input)
Note: If both the USB and another source (AC/DC adapter, batteries, etc) are connected, the
Arduino will select the stronger source.
Typical Arduino UNO voltages:
Connection USB 4 AA Batteries 5 AA Batteries,
AC/DC Adaptor or
DC Power Supply
5V 4.28 V 4.92 V 4.98 V
3.3 V 3.20 V 3.29 V 3.29 V
Servo Port * 4.28 V 4.92 V 4.98 V
Vin 4.32 V 5.51 V 7.09 V
Powering the Arduino We will typically power the Arduino with an AC/DC
adaptor. You can leave both the USB and the AC/DC adaptor connected and
the Arduino will use the higher adaptor voltage. We will make 5V and GND
(ground) connections to the breadboard as shown below.

USB

AC/DC
Adaptor
Plug
 Getting Started
1. Download & install the Arduino
environment (IDE)
2. Connect the board to your computer
via the UBS cable
3. If needed, install the drivers
4. Launch the Arduino IDE
5. Select your board
6. Select your serial port
7. Open the blink example
8. Upload the program
Connect the USB Cable
Arduino IDE
 The Arduino Programming Environment
•The Arduino software (Arduino 1.05 or later) is available on lab computers and
can also be downloaded from http://arduino.cc
•The software requires no installation and can even be launched from a flash
drive.
•Open using the shortcut on the desktop or double-click Arduino on the
specified folder.
Select Serial Port and Board
The Arduino Programming Environment
The Arduino software is based on C/C++. Notes:
Note that the instructions are case-sensitive. •Verify is used to compile your program (or sketch). (It
checks for errors).
C++ is not line-oriented, so a semicolon (;) is
needed to indicated the end of an instruction. •Upload is used to send the program (sketch) to the
Arduino via the USB cable.
•Arduino programs have two main parts:
1. setup – a function to initialize items or to perform
operations one time.
2. loop – a function with commands that will be
repeated indefinitely
•Serial.begin(baud rate) is used to establish serial
communications between the Arduino and the computer.
Data is transmitted at 9600 baud (bits/second). Note that
Serial uses digital pins 0 and 1 so they cannot be used for
other inputs/outputs.
•Serial.print(text, values, or variables) is display
information from the Arduino-BOT on the display window.
•Select Serial Monitor to open a window to view printed
messages from the Arduino.
Status Messages
BREADBOARDS

Purpose: Temporary platform for building

circuits without soldering.

Use with Arduino: Essential for

prototyping and testing circuits before
making them permanent.
RESISTORS

Purpose: Limit current flowing through a

circuit.

Use with Arduino: Often used in series

with LEDs to prevent them from burning out
due to excessive current.
Light Emitting Diode
(LED’s)
Purpose: Emit light when current flows
through them.

Use with Arduino: Commonly used for

indicators or simple lighting projects.
Typically connected to digital pins with a
resistor.
 JUMPER
WIRES/CONNECTING
WIRES
Purpose: Connect components on a
breadboard or between the Arduino and
other components.

Use with Arduino: Used to connect

Arduino pins to components on a
breadboard.
PUSH BUTTONS

Purpose: Act as a digital input to trigger

actions.

Use with Arduino: Often connected to

digital pins to read input states (e.g., HIGH
or LOW).
POTENTIONMETER

Purpose: Control voltage levels in a circuit.

Use with Arduino: Used with analog pins

to read variable voltage levels, often for
controlling brightness or speed.
CAPACITORS

Purpose: Store electrical energy and filter

out unwanted frequencies.

Use with Arduino: Sometimes used in

power supply circuits or for filtering noise in
sensor readings.
DIODES

Purpose: Allow current to flow in one

direction while blocking it in the other.

Use with Arduino: Can be used to protect

components from reverse voltage or in
voltage regulation circuits.
TRANSISTORS

Purpose: Act as switches or amplifiers for

current.

Use with Arduino: Often used to control

high-current devices like motors or larger
LEDs.
MOTORS (DC OR SERVO)

Purpose: Provide mechanical movement.

Use with Arduino: Controlled using digital

pins and often requires additional
components like motor drivers.
LCD DISPLAY

Purpose: Display text or simple graphics.

Use with Arduino: Often used to display

sensor readings or messages.
SENSORS

Purpose: Detect environmental changes.

Use with Arduino: Connected to analog or

digital pins to read sensor data and trigger
actions based on that data
CIRCUIT DESIGN SOFTWARE
APPLICATIONS OF ARDUINO