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arrays

The document explains arrays as data structures that store collections of elements of the same data type, accessed via indexes. It covers one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) arrays, including their declaration, access methods, and examples. Additionally, it describes linear search and bubble sort algorithms for searching and sorting elements within arrays.

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7 views

arrays

The document explains arrays as data structures that store collections of elements of the same data type, accessed via indexes. It covers one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) arrays, including their declaration, access methods, and examples. Additionally, it describes linear search and bubble sort algorithms for searching and sorting elements within arrays.

Uploaded by

HAK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Term Definition

A collection of elements of the same


Array data type stored under one identifier
The position number used to access
Index elements (starts at 0 or 1 depending on
the language)
A single list of elements (like a row of
1D Array boxes)
An array with rows and columns (like a
2D Array table)
A method of searching each item one by
Linear Search one
A simple algorithm that compares and
Bubble Sort swaps adjacent elements to sort the
array
•Think of an array like a row of boxes – each box has a number (index) and contains
something (a value).
An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same data type,
using a single identifier.
• Each element in an array is accessed using an index.

•Store multiple items under one name


•Efficient access and manipulation using indexes

DECLARE Marks : ARRAY[1:5] OF INTEGER


This creates an array of 5 integers named Marks.
One-Dimensional Arrays (1D Arrays)
•A single row/list of elements.
•Each item is accessed by one index.

• DECLARE Scores : ARRAY[1:5] OF INTEGER


• Scores[1] ← 85
• Scores[2] ← 90
• Scores[3] ← 75
• Scores[4] ← 80
• Scores[5] ← 95

• OUTPUT Scores[2] // Outputs 90


Two-Dimensional Arrays (2D Arrays)
•A table-like structure with rows and columns.
•Each item is accessed by two indexes.
Rows come first, columns second ([row, column])
DECLARE Table : ARRAY[1:3, 1:2] OF INTEGER
Table[1,1] ← 10
Table[1,2] ← 20
Col 1 Col 2
Table[2,1] ← 30
Row 1 10 20
Table[2,2] ← 40 Row 2 30 40
Table[3,1] ← 50
Table[3,2] ← 60
OUTPUT Table[2,2] // Outputs 40
Linear Search in 1D Array
Find a specific value in the array
Linear search is a method of searching for a target value in an
array by checking each element one by one, from start to end.

• DECLARE found : BOOLEAN ← FALSE


• FOR i ← 1 TO 5
• IF Scores[i] = 80 THEN
• found ← TRUE
• OUTPUT "Found at position: ", i
• ENDIF
• NEXT i
• IF found = FALSE THEN
• OUTPUT "ValueMarksnot found"
= [90, 85, 75, 60, 95]
• ENDIF Search for: 75
It will check from Marks[1] to Marks[5], and find 75 at position 3.
Bubble Sort in 1D Array
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that compares adjacent elements and swaps
them if they are in the wrong order.
It repeats this process until the array is sorted.
• FOR i ← 1 TO 4
• FOR j ← 1 TO 5 - i
• IF Scores[j] > Scores[j+1] THEN
• temp ← Scores[j]
Original: [90, 75, 85, 70, 60]
• Scores[j] ← Scores[j+1] Sorted: [60, 70, 75, 85, 90]
• Scores[j+1] ← temp
• ENDIF
• NEXT j
• NEXT i
•Compare Marks[1] with Marks[2]
•If Marks[1] > Marks[2], swap them
•Move to the next pair
•Repeat for all elements (multiple passes)

[90, 85, 75, 60, 95]


Step-by-step:
•90 > 85 → swap → [85, 90, 75, 60, 95]
•90 > 75 → swap → [85, 75, 90, 60, 95]
•90 > 60 → swap → [85, 75, 60, 90, 95]
•90 < 95 → no swap
Final sorted array after all passes:
[60, 75, 85, 90, 95]
HW
• Create an array called Names of 3 elements and assign the values "Ali", "Zara",
and
"Tom".Then print the second name.
•Declare a 1D array called Names to store 4 student names.

•Write pseudocode to find if "Ali" is in the Names array.

•Use bubble sort to arrange [20, 5, 15, 10] in ascending order.

•What is the difference between a 1D and a 2D array?

•Which algorithm would you use to find a name in an unsorted list?

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