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Fault Tolerance in Distributed Computing

Fault tolerance is the capability of a system to maintain functionality despite failures, which is crucial in parallel and distributed systems. Key concepts include redundancy, replication, checkpointing, and recovery techniques, while challenges involve scalability and performance overhead. Emerging trends focus on self-healing systems and AI for fault detection to enhance reliability.

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1 views

Fault Tolerance in Distributed Computing

Fault tolerance is the capability of a system to maintain functionality despite failures, which is crucial in parallel and distributed systems. Key concepts include redundancy, replication, checkpointing, and recovery techniques, while challenges involve scalability and performance overhead. Emerging trends focus on self-healing systems and AI for fault detection to enhance reliability.

Uploaded by

miangee4681005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fault Tolerance in Parallel and

Distributed Computing
Overview of Concepts and
Techniques
Introduction to Fault Tolerance
• Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system
to continue functioning in the presence of
failures.
What is Fault Tolerance?
• Fault tolerance is critical in parallel and
distributed systems due to potential hardware
and software failures.
Why Fault Tolerance in Distributed
Systems?
• Distributed systems are composed of many
components that can fail, making fault
tolerance essential for reliability.
Key Concepts in Fault Tolerance
• 1. Redundancy
• 2. Replication
• 3. Checkpointing
• 4. Recovery
• 5. Masking Failures
Types of Failures
• 1. Transient Failures
• 2. Intermittent Failures
• 3. Permanent Failures
Redundancy
• Redundancy involves duplicating critical
components or functions to increase
reliability.
Replication
• Replication is used to create multiple copies of
data or services to ensure availability despite
failures.
Checkpointing
• Checkpointing saves the state of a system
periodically, allowing recovery from the last
saved state after a failure.
Recovery Techniques
• Recovery techniques are used to restore a
system to a consistent state after a failure
occurs.
Fault Detection
• Fault detection mechanisms monitor the
system to identify failures when they occur.
Masking Failures
• Fault masking techniques are used to hide the
effects of faults from users and applications.
Consensus in Distributed Systems
• Consensus protocols like Paxos and Raft help
distributed systems agree on actions even
with some node failures.
Error Detection Codes
• Error detection codes like parity bits and
checksums detect data corruption in
distributed systems.
Replication Strategies
• Common replication strategies include active
replication and passive replication.
State Machine Replication
• State machine replication ensures that all
replicas of a service execute operations in the
same order.
Crash Fault Tolerance (CFT)
• Crash fault tolerance assumes that systems
can fail by stopping but not by producing
incorrect results.
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
• BFT ensures that the system functions
correctly even when some components act
maliciously or arbitrarily.
Distributed Checkpointing
• Distributed checkpointing involves saving
system states across multiple nodes to enable
recovery from failures.
Rollback Recovery
• Rollback recovery restores a system to a
previous consistent state after a failure, using
saved checkpoints.
Logging for Fault Tolerance
• Logs can be used to track operations and
support recovery by replaying actions after a
failure.
Challenges in Fault Tolerance
• 1. Scalability
• 2. Performance Overhead
• 3. Network Partitioning
• 4. Consensus under Failures
Fault Tolerance in Cloud Computing
• Cloud systems use fault tolerance techniques
like replication and auto-recovery to ensure
high availability.
Fault Tolerance in High-
Performance Computing (HPC)
• HPC systems often rely on checkpointing and
redundancy to handle failures in large-scale
computations.
Fault Tolerance in Distributed
Databases
• Distributed databases use replication,
partitioning, and consensus algorithms to
tolerate failures.
Middleware for Fault Tolerance
• Fault-tolerant middleware abstracts the
complexities of building reliable distributed
systems.
Fault Tolerance in Real-Time
Systems
• Real-time systems require fault tolerance
mechanisms with strict timing constraints.
Design Patterns for Fault Tolerance
• Common design patterns include leader
election, load balancing, and circuit breakers.
Case Study: Google File System
(GFS)
• GFS uses replication, checksums, and failover
techniques to achieve fault tolerance.
Case Study: Amazon Web Services
(AWS)
• AWS implements fault tolerance through
availability zones, auto-scaling, and multi-
region replication.
Emerging Trends in Fault Tolerance
• 1. Self-healing Systems
• 2. Autonomous Fault Management
• 3. AI for Fault Detection
Conclusion
• Fault tolerance is essential for building reliable
parallel and distributed systems. It ensures
system availability and correctness despite
failures.

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