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Chapter 3 Variable Scoope

The document discusses variable scope in programming, distinguishing between local and global variables. Local variables are declared within functions or blocks and are only accessible within those scopes, while global variables are declared outside functions and retain their values throughout the program's execution. It also notes that local variables can have the same name as global variables, but the local variable takes precedence within its scope.

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11 views6 pages

Chapter 3 Variable Scoope

The document discusses variable scope in programming, distinguishing between local and global variables. Local variables are declared within functions or blocks and are only accessible within those scopes, while global variables are declared outside functions and retain their values throughout the program's execution. It also notes that local variables can have the same name as global variables, but the local variable takes precedence within its scope.

Uploaded by

Waheed Shams
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KHURASAN

UNIVERSITY
Chapter 3:
Variable Scope
www.Khurasan.edu.af- [email protected]
Variable Scope
• A scope is a region of the program and broadly speaking there are
two places, where variables can be declared −
• Inside a function or a block which is called local variables,
• Outside of all functions which is called global variables.

www.Khurasan.edu.af- [email protected]
Local Variables
• Variables that are declared inside a function or block are local
variables. They can be used only by statements that are inside that
function or block of code.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
main(){
//a is local to main function, it cannot be accessed outside
int a = 10; //of main function
if(a == 10){
int b = 200; //b is local to if block, it cannot be accessed
cout<<a; //outside of the if block
} else{
cout<<b;
}
}
www.Khurasan.edu.af- [email protected]
Global Variables
• Global variables are defined outside of all the functions, usually
on top of the program. The global variables will hold their value
throughout the life-time of your program.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Global variable declaration:
int g;
main () {
// Local variable declaration:
int a, b;
// actual initialization
a = 10;
b = 20;
g = a + b;
cout << g;}

www.Khurasan.edu.af- [email protected]
NOTE
• A program can have same name for local and global variables but value of local variable
inside a function will take preference. For example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Global variable declaration:
int g = 20;
main () {
// Local variable declaration:
int g = 10;
cout << g; //if you want the value of global variable
//then use scope resolution operator e.g.
cout <<::g; //mean global variable
}
www.Khurasan.edu.af- [email protected]
Initializing Local and Global Variables
• When a local variable is defined, it is not initialized by the system, you
must initialize it yourself. Global variables are initialized automatically
by the system when you define them as follows −
Data Type Initializer

int 0

char '\0'

float 0

double 0

pointer NULL

www.Khurasan.edu.af- [email protected]

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