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Lecture No. 2,3 (OSI Reference Model)

The OSI model, established by the International Standards Organization, is a framework for understanding network communications, introduced in the late 1970s. It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application, each responsible for specific functions in data transmission. The document also compares the OSI model with the TCP/IP protocol suite, which has a different layer structure but serves similar purposes.

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7 views25 pages

Lecture No. 2,3 (OSI Reference Model)

The OSI model, established by the International Standards Organization, is a framework for understanding network communications, introduced in the late 1970s. It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application, each responsible for specific functions in data transmission. The document also compares the OSI model with the TCP/IP protocol suite, which has a different layer structure but serves similar purposes.

Uploaded by

AMAN RAJ
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSI Reference Model

1. THE OSI MODEL:-


Established in 1947, the International Standards
Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to
worldwide agreement on international standards. An ISO
standard that covers all aspects of network
communications is the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model. It was first introduced in the late 1970s.
Topics discussed in this section:
• Layered Architecture
• Peer-to-Peer Processes
• Encapsulation
Figure 1. Seven layers of the OSI model
Figure 2 The interaction between layers in the OSI model
2. LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL

In this section we briefly describe the functions of each


layer in the OSI model.
Topics discussed in this section:
1. Physical Layer
2. Data Link Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Transport Layer
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer
Figure 3. Physical layer
Note

The physical layer is responsible for movements of


individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.
Figure 4. Data link layer
Note

The data link layer is responsible for moving


frames from one hop (node) to the next.
Figure 5. Hop-to-hop delivery
Figure 6. Network layer
Note

The network layer is responsible for the


delivery of individual packets from
the source host to the destination host.
Figure 7. Source-to-destination delivery
Figure 8. Transport layer
Note

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery


of a message from one process to another.
Figure 9. Reliable process-to-process delivery of a message
Figure 10. Session layer
Note

The session layer is responsible for dialog


control and synchronization.
Figure 11. Presentation layer
Note

The presentation layer is responsible for translation,


compression, and encryption.
Figure 12. Application layer
Note

The application layer is responsible for


providing services to the user.
Figure 13. Summary of layers
3. TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly match those
in the OSI model. The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as
having four layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and
application. However, when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say
that the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers: physical, data
link, network, transport, and application.

Topics discussed in this section:


1. Physical and Data Link Layers
2. Network Layer
3. Transport Layer
4. Application Layer
Figure 14. TCP/IP and OSI model

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