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Fetch Decode Execute

The fetch-decode-execute cycle is the essential process by which a CPU executes instructions, consisting of three main stages: fetching the instruction, decoding it, and executing it. The Program Counter (PC) plays a crucial role in fetching the next instruction, while the Control Unit (CU) manages the decoding process. Understanding this cycle is vital for grasping computer architecture and the interaction between software and hardware.

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Mustafa Omer
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15 views6 pages

Fetch Decode Execute

The fetch-decode-execute cycle is the essential process by which a CPU executes instructions, consisting of three main stages: fetching the instruction, decoding it, and executing it. The Program Counter (PC) plays a crucial role in fetching the next instruction, while the Control Unit (CU) manages the decoding process. Understanding this cycle is vital for grasping computer architecture and the interaction between software and hardware.

Uploaded by

Mustafa Omer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fetch-Decode-

Execute
cycle
Mazen Elsayed
Ahmed Medhat
Mustafa Omer
Hashem Alzubi
The fetch-decode-execute cycle,
also known as the instruction
cycle, is the fundamental process
by which a computer's central
processing unit (CPU) executes
instructions and It's a continuous
What is the loop that involves three main
fetch- stages. The fetch-decode-execute cycle
is fundamental to how computers work.
decode- It's the basis for executing any program,
execute from simple calculations to complex
applications. Understanding this cycle is
cycle crucial for understanding computer
architecture and how software interacts
with hardware.
Fetching
• The Program Counter (PC), a special
register within the CPU, holds the
memory address of the next instruction
to be executed.
• The CPU uses the address in the
Program counter to fetch the instruction
from memory.
• The fetched instruction is stored in the
Instruction Register (IR), another special
register in the CPU.
• The Program Counter is then
incremented by 1 to point to the next
instruction in memory. This makes it
possible for the next instruction to be
The Decode stage is like figuring out instructions
before doing a task.
1.The CPU looks at the fetched instruction and breaks
it into parts:
 What to do? (like add, move, or jump) → This is
called the opcode.
 Who is involved? (which registers or memory
Decode locations) → These are the operands.
2.The Control Unit (CU) reads the opcode and decides
which CPU parts will do the job.
3.If extra data is needed (like numbers from memory),
the CPU figures out where to get it.
4.Everything is set up, so the CPU is ready to execute
the instruction in the next step.
The CPU carries out the decoded
instruction.

This could involve:


Execute
• Performing calculations in the Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU).
• Moving data between registers and memory.
• Controlling I/O operations.
• Once completed, the cycle repeats for the next
instruction.
Why is the fetch-decode-execute cycle considered
fundamental to computer architecture?

What is the role of the PC(program counter )in the fetch-


decode-execute cycle?

Question State two registers that are used in the cycle.


s At which stage in the cycle is the instruction broken down
into its components and what are these components?

How does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) contribute to


the execute stage?

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