RVS Technical Campus Coimbatore

Electric Vehicle

Guru
Saran
Deepan
Sri
Balaji
 Introduction
Definition

These are vehicles that utilize an electric motor for propulsion, powered by electricity
stored in rechargeable batteries.

Significance of Electric Vehicles

Technological
Environment Energy Economic
Advancemen
al Benefits Efficiency Impact
t
• Reducing • More efficient • Innovation in • New jobs in
greenhouse gas than internal battery manufacturing
emissions combustion technology, • Infrastructure
• Fight against engines electric motors, development
climate change • Translating to lower and charging • Stimulates
• Decrease air energy consumption infrastructure investment in
pollution • Reduces reliance on • Continuous clean energy
• Improving public fossil fuels improvements in technologies
health • Promoting energy performance,
independence range, and
affordability
 History of Electric Vehicles
Early The Decline The Resurgence
The Golden Age
Developments (Early to Mid- (Late 20th and
(Early 1900s)
(1800s) 1900s) 21st Centuries)
Early electric motors Peak popularity Rise of the internal Renewed interest
• Concept of electric • Favored by many, combustion engine • Concerns about air
motors emerged in especially women, • Mass-produced ford pollution and oil
the early 19th due to their ease of model T, led to the dependence
century. use. decline of electric Technological
• Ányos Jedlik and • Comprised a vehicles. advancements
Robert Anderson significant portion of • Gasoline became • Lithium-ion batteries
invented earliest the cars on the road. more readily Modern EVs
crude electric Factors contributing available and • Tesla have played a
vehicles. to popularity affordable. crucial role in
Late 19th Century • Lack of noise and Technological popularizing modern
Rise fumes compared to limitations EVs, with a focus on
• Electric vehicles gasoline cars. • Limitations in battery performance, design,
gained popularity. • Ease of operation. technology. and technology.
• Cleaner, quieter, • Short range and long • Government incentives
and easier to charging times, and increasing
operate. hindered the environmental
• Electric taxis widespread adoption awareness have
appeared in cities of electric vehicles. further driven the
 Types of Electric Vehicles

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
(PHEVs)
• Fully electric vehicles that rely solely on • Combine an electric motor and a gasoline • Use both an electric motor and a gasoline
battery power. or diesel engine or diesel engine.
• No internal combustion engine • Larger battery than traditional hybrids and • They cannot be plugged in to charge
• Powered by rechargeable batteries that are can be plugged into an external power • Battery is charged through regenerative
charged by plugging into an external source braking and by the internal combustion
power source for charging engine.
Key features: • Operate in electric-only mode for shorter Key features:
• Powered exclusively by electricity distances, then switch to the internal • Combination of electric and gasoline/
• Requires charging from an external source. combustion engine for longer trips diesel power.
• Examples: tesla model 3,MG Astor EV, Key features: • Battery is charged through regenerative
Mahindra XEV 9e • Combination of electric and gasoline/diesel braking.
power. • Cannot be plugged in to charge.
• Can be plugged in to charge the battery. • Improved fuel efficiency compared to
• Provides extended range with the internal traditional gasoline vehicles
combustion engine. • Examples: Toyota Prius (traditional hybrid),
• Examples: Toyota Prius Prime, Ford Escape Honda Insight
Plug-in Hybrid, Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV.
 How Electric Vehicles Work
Key Components Functioning

Battery Pack Energy Storage

Electric Motor Power Conversion

Inverter Motor Operation

Onboard Charger Regenerative Braking

Charge Port Charging

Thermal Management
System

Transmission (Electric)
 Benefits of Electric Vehicle

Environmenta Economic Efficiency

l
 Challenges of Electric Vehicle Adoption
Infrastructure

Number of public charging stations needs to significantly increase.

Charging Station Availability
Speed and reliability of those stations also need to become more consistent.

Increased EV adoption will place a strain on existing electrical grids, requiring upgrades and
Grid Capacity
investments to handle the increased demand.

Battery Costs

High Initial Purchase Price The cost of EV batteries is higher compared to traditional gasoline vehicles.

Battery Lifespan and Replacement

Concerns about battery lifespan and the cost of replacement also deter some consumers.

Range Anxiety
EVs still have a limited driving range, causing anxiety about running out of power before
Limited Driving Range reaching a
charging station.

Charging Time Charging an EV takes significantly longer than refueling a gasoline vehicle
EV Charging Infrastructure
DC Fast Charging
Level 1 Charging Level 2 Charging
(Level 3)
• Standard 120-volt AC • 240-volt AC circuit • Direct current (DC) and high
household outlet • Faster charging than level 1 power levels
• Slowest charging method • Installed in homes, • Charging in short period,
• Overnight charging at home workplaces, and public often in 20-30 minutes
charging stations. • Public charging stations along
highways and in urban areas

Home Charging Public Charging

• Charging overnight at home • Public charging stations

is often the most convenient provide access to charging
and cost-effective for those who live in
• Electricity rates at home are apartments or don't have
typically lower than those at home charging capabilities.
public charging stations. • DC fast charging stations are
• Level 1 or level 2 chargers essential for long-distance
• Ideal for daily driving needs trips
• Public charging networks
offer a mix of level 2 and DC
fast charging options.
• Can be found in shopping
malls, parking garages and
highway rest stops
 Latest Trends in Electric Vehicle Technology

Battery Wireless
AI Integration
Advancements Charging

Advanced Driver-
Increased Energy
Convenience Assistance
Density
Systems

Energy
Faster Charging Integration
Management

Solid-State Solid-State Predictive

Batteries Batteries Maintenance

Improved Battery Improved Battery Enhanced User

Recycling Recycling Experience