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Motherboard Components

The motherboard is a crucial printed circuit board that connects and powers the CPU, RAM, and other hardware components. It features various connectors and ports for external devices, including USB, Ethernet, and display ports, as well as slots for expansion cards and memory. Additionally, it contains essential components like the northbridge, southbridge, and CMOS battery, which manage communication and power supply within the computer system.

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17 views17 pages

Motherboard Components

The motherboard is a crucial printed circuit board that connects and powers the CPU, RAM, and other hardware components. It features various connectors and ports for external devices, including USB, Ethernet, and display ports, as well as slots for expansion cards and memory. Additionally, it contains essential components like the northbridge, southbridge, and CMOS battery, which manage communication and power supply within the computer system.

Uploaded by

samayra2109
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motherboard

Components
and Their
Functions
Motherboard

The motherboard is a printed circuit board


(PCB) that is the foundation of a computer,
located on the back side or at the bottom of
the computer case. It allocates power and
allows communication to the CPU, RAM, and
all other computer hardware components.
1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports:
Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external devices
such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2
ports etc.
VGA Cable:
VGA stands for Video Graphics Array, VGA is a popular display
standard developed by IBM and introduced in 1987. Also known as
D-sub cable, analog video cable.
Connect one end to: computer monitor, television (PC input port)
Connect other end to: VGA port on computer
PS/2 Cable:
The PS/2 port was developed by IBM and is used to connect a
computer mouse or keyboard to an IBM compatible computer.
Connect one end to: PS/2 keyboard, PS/2 mouse
Connect other end to: PS/2 ports on computer
Purple PS/2 port: keyboard
Green PS/2 port: mouse
Ethernet Cable:
Also known as RJ-45 cable
Connect one end to: router, network switch
Connect other end to: Ethernet port on computer
USB Cable:
USB for Universal Serial Bus, it is a plug-and-play interface that allows a
computer to communicate with peripheral and other devices.
The Universal Serial Bus industry standard was established in 1995, and then
quickly adopted by Intel, Compaq, Microsoft and other companies.

For USB computer cable connections, there are two popular formats: USB 2.0
and the newer USB 3.0.
Computer Power Cord:
A power cord is the primary cable that provides power to the
computer, printer, monitor, and components within a computer.
Connect one end to: AC power socket
Connect other end to: power supply unit, computer monitor
Always turn off your power supply unit (with the 1-0 switch at the back) before
connecting a power cable .
PCI Slots
• (2) PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI Slot used for older expansion cards such as
sound cards, network cards, and connector cards.
• (3) PCI Express x1 Slots
• Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound
cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and
Bluetooth), connector cards and certain low-end
graphics cards.
• (4) PCI Express x16 Slot
• Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth
devices such as top-end solid state drives.
(5) Northbridge:
• The northbridge is an integrated
circuit responsible for communications between
the CPU interface, AGP, and the memory. Also
known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).
(12) Southbridge:
• The southbridge is an IC on
the motherboard responsible for the hard drive
controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware.
Integrated hardware can include the sound
card and video card. Also known as the
Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH).
(6) CPU Socket:
• A CPU socket is a single connector between a
microprocessor and motherboard.
(7) ATX 12V Power Connector:
• Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply
unit which supplies power to the CPU.
(8) Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors
• Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a
computer case.
(9) Front Panel Connectors:
• Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED,
hard drive LED and front audio ports of a computer case.
(10) IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
• IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is a standard
electronic interface.
• Connects to older hard drive disks and optical
drives for data transfer.
(11) CMOS Battery (Complementary Metal-
Oxide Semiconductor)
• Supplies power to store BIOS settings and
keep the real-time clock running.
• The CMOS battery found on most
motherboards is the CR2032 lithium coin cell.
• (13) SATA Connectors (Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment)
• SATA is a computer bus interface
that Connects to modern hard disk drives,
solid state drives and optical drives for data
transfer.
• (14) Fan Headers
• Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and
computer case fans.
• (15) RAM (random access memory) Slots
• RAM slot is allows computer memory (RAM)
to be inserted into the computer. Depending
on the motherboard, there may be 2 to
4 memory slots. The most common types of
RAM are SDRAM and DDR for desktop
computers .
• (16) ATX Power Connector
• Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a
power supply unit which supplies power to
the motherboard.
• (18) Front Panel USB 3.0 Connector
• Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top
of the computer case.
• (19) Power & Reset Button
• Onboard button to turn on, turn off and
reboot the computer.

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