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Chapter Five

This document provides an introduction to IP addressing, covering the structure of IPv4 addresses, their classification, and the assignment of addresses by ISPs and network administrators. It explains the differences between public and private IP addresses, the various classes of IP addresses, and includes examples of both decimal and binary notations. Additionally, it discusses subnet masks and their role in network division.

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Mohammed Nouh
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17 views22 pages

Chapter Five

This document provides an introduction to IP addressing, covering the structure of IPv4 addresses, their classification, and the assignment of addresses by ISPs and network administrators. It explains the differences between public and private IP addresses, the various classes of IP addresses, and includes examples of both decimal and binary notations. Additionally, it discusses subnet masks and their role in network division.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Nouh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Computer

Networking

Lecturer: Eng. Mohammed Nouh

Amoud University
Department of BIT/BSE/BCS
Chapter 5

Introduction to IP-Addressing
In this chapter, you will learn to:

 Explain the structure IP addressing and demonstrate the ability to


convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers.
 Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe how it is
used in the network.
 Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and
within networks by administrators.
 Determine the network portion of the host address and explain
the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.
 Use common testing utilities to verify and test network
connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a
host.
Introduction

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a


numerical label assigned to each device (e.g.,
computer, printer) participating in a computer
network that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication.
The Structure of an IPv4 Address

At the Network layer, the packets need to be identified


with the source and destination addresses of the two
end systems.
Each device on a network must be uniquely defined.

Dotted Decimal; Binary; Octet


Each byte of the binary pattern, called an octet.
Each decimal number represents one byte or 8 bits, or an
octet.
Binary address:
10101100 00010000 00000100 00010100
Dotted decimal address:
172.16.4.20
There are two types of IP address
 IPv4 (32 bit)
 IPv6 (128 bit)
IPv4 addresses consist of 32 bit

What is a bit? Bit is either 0 or 1


Every each 8 bit = 1 byte or 1 Octet there for IP address consist
of 4 Byte and it can be represented as 8.8.8.8

IP address can be either public IP address or private IP address

Public IP address: is an IP address that can be accessed over


the Internet. Like http://www.amouduniversity.org/
Private IP address: Private IP address is used for internet
Public and Private Addresses
The IPv4 addresses are unique and universal/public.
An IPv4 address is 32 bits long.
The address space of IPv4 is 232 (4,294,967,296)
Notation.
 Binary notation
 Dotted-decimal notation
IP ADDRESS: is divided into two 5 classes
A, B, C, D, E

CLASS Start - End Default Bit for the Bits for Hosting
subnet network the host
mask
A 1 - 126 255.0.0.0 /8 bits 24 bits 16.777.214
network (224-2 )
B 128 - 191 255.255.0.0 /16 bits 16 bits 65.534 (216-2)
network
C 192 - 223 255.255.255.0 /24 bits 8 bits 254 (28-2)
network
D 224 - 239 Class D is used for multicasting purpose

E 240 - 255 Class E is reserved for future use


IP address class A network, examples
1.2.3.0 20.30.10.0 120.120.1.0
2.3.11.0 30.10.20.0 17.19.20.0.
5.1.2.0 45.45.45.45. 69.12.12.0
126.10.10.0 111.111.123.140. 80.0.0.0
IP address class B network, examples
128.10.12.0 172.60.60.0 190.0.0.0
140.30.20.0 172.31.16.0 191.20.1.0
177.67.12.0 191.191.0.0 150.150.150.0
160.10.17.0 129.40.40.0 140.140.12.0
IP address class C network, examples
192.100.100.0 200.0.200.0 223.20.100.0

193.10.20.0 195.195.100.0 222.222.222.0

199.0.13.0 192.168.10.0 198.160.160.0

210.97.92.0 192.168.20.0 209.209.10.0


Private IP Address

CLASS Start - End Default subnet Bit for the Bits for the Private IP Private IP address
mask network host Address End
starting
A 1 - 126 255.0.0.0 /8 bits 24 bits 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
network
B 128 - 191 255.255.0.0 /16 bits 16 bits 172.16.0.0 172.16.255.255
network 172.17.0.0 172.17.255.255
172.18.0.0 172.18.255.255
172.19.0.0 up 172.19.255.255
to 172.31.255.255
172.31.0.0

C 192 - 223 255.255.255.0 /24 bits 8 bits 192.168.0.0


network
D 224 - 239 Class D is used for multicasting purpose
E 240 - 255 Class E is reserved for future use
Class A Subnet Mask Network Host Host Host

255 0 0 0

Class B Subnet Mask Network Network Host Host

255 255 0 0
Class C Subnet Mask Network Network Network Host

255 255 255 0


Understanding base value and
position

Bit Position 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Position Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

In Binary 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Examples of IP address in decimal notation are following:-

a) 172.168.1.1
b) 192.168.1.1

Examples of IP address in binary notation are following:-

c) 10101100.10101000.00000001.00000001
d) 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
Examples of subnet mask in decimal notation are following:
-
a) 255.0.0.0
b) 255.255.0.0
c) 255.255.255.0

Examples of subnet mask in binary notation are following: -

d) 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
e) 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
f) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Decimal to Binary

Example 1

192. 168. 25. 0


Example 2

10. 8. 255. 172

10101100
00001010 00001000 11111111
Binary to Decimal

Example 3

11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
Example 4

00001100. 01100100. 10010110.


11111010

10 100 150 250


End

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