CHAPTER 1

DESING THINKING
Contents
1.1 Definition
1.2 Stages of Design thinking
1.3 Research
1.4 Idea generation
1.5 Refinement
1.6 Prototyping
1.7 Implement
1.1 Stages of Design Thinking
Design is a process that turns a brief or requirement into a finished
product or design solution
Design process engages a high degree of creativity but in a way
that is controlled and directed by the process:
• Towards producing a viable, practical solution to the design
problem.
• Meeting the stated aims of the brief.
• Ensure that a design satisfies all such considerations
• Encourage participants to think outside the box in the pursuit of
creative or innovative solutions
1.1 Stages of Design Thinking
The design consist of seven steps can be identified:
Define,
Research,
Ideate,
Prototype,
Select,
Implement
Learn.
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 1 – Define: Establishing what the problem is
Design brief:
Presents the client’s requirements for a job
These may be verbal or written, simple or complex
A brief contains a specific goal that is to be met by the design
Writing and re-writing a brief
 Clients have varying experiences of design services
 The quality of the briefs that they provide will also vary
 Including anything that will allow the design team to initiate the
design process
 It may need to be rewritten and reworked with the client.
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 1 – Define: Establishing what the problem is
Checklist:
Do you understand what the client is asking for?
Does the client understand what they are asking for?
Do you agree on the definition of terms?
Does the brief have any flaws?
Can you manage client expectations?
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Objectives
• Objectives are simply what the client hopes to achieve through
commissioning a design job
• it is important that these are fully understood and ‘mapped’ to
your design thinking
• Objectives need to be specified so that the design team knows
what it has to achieve
• Asking the client simple questions gets to the heart of the matter
• focuses on what the client expects, what the project boundaries
are and what deliverables are required
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Objectives
• They are: who, what, when, where and why (‘how’ is often tacked on to the
end too)
• Provides detail that the design team can use throughout the design process
• Identifies key restraints that they have to work to
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Objectives
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
1.1 Stages of Design Thinking
• Work in a teams: Each team has 3 students
• Each team has select a project /Topic
• Make a proposal for the project
• Design and implement the project
• Writing an report
• Make an ppt file and Poster
• Present in the class
Rule of the class
• Attend at least 80% of class hours
• Complete all home work and assignment
• Do not copy
Design Thinking
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 2 – Research: Collecting background information
 designer searching for information that can be fed into the creative process
at the ideate stage.
Research about quantitative: with hard statistical numbers about the size and
composition of target user groups
Research about qualitative, with information about what that user group buys
or consumes and what their lifestyle is like
Factors such as education, career, holiday destinations, musical tastes,
aspirations and so on
Primary research
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 2 – Research: Collecting background information
 Primary research:
A primary source of research is the feedback generated during the
learning phase of projects
Secondary research
Secondary research is the information obtained from consumer market
research reports
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 2 – Research: Collecting background information
Checklist
Do you have feedback from previous projects?
Do you have a statistical composition of the user group?
Do you understand the target market?
What is the education level of the user group?
What is the typical lifestyle of the user group?
What are the aspirations of the user group?
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 3 – Ideate: Creating potential solutions.
the design team draws on the research gathered and the constraints
established during the define stage
Ideation methods include:
brainstorming, sketching ideas, adapting a tried-and-tested design
that already exists,
taking a top-down analytical approach that focuses on the product,
service or company or
a bottom-up approach that focuses on the customer or user
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 3 – Ideate: Creating potential solutions.
Checklist:
Do you understand the brief?
Do you have sufficient research information?
Which methods will be used for idea generation
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 4 – Prototype: Resolving solutions
Ideate stage generates a variety of potential solutions to the design brief
Prototype allows particular aspects to be tested and will provide a better
basis for comparison at the selection stage
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 4 – Prototype: Resolving solutions
Used to test the technical feasibility of a design idea to see
if it works as a physical object.
 Testing the visual aspects of the design by presenting them as they would be
produced
Providing the opportunity to test, where is suitable, a design in three
dimensions
Giving the design team and client the ability to visualise and handle a design
concept, to get an idea of its physical presence and tactile qualities
Testing particular aspects of a design solution and can be effectively
evaluated
a prototype does not need to be made with the final materials
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 4 – Prototype: Resolving solutions
Checklist:
Do all potential solutions require prototyping?
What elements will the prototype test?
What functionality will the prototype have?
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 5 – Select: Making choices
Point at which one of the proposed design solutions is chosen for
development
The key decision criterion is fitness for purpose:
does the design meet the needs and goals of the brief, and will it effectively
communicate to the target audience to achieve those aims?
Other factors, such as cost and time, are relevant in the selection process,
but these may change as the process develops.
At the end of the selection process, the client will sign off the choice, thus
initiating the next stage in the design process.
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 5 – Select: Making choices
Checklist:
Does the design meet the defined needs of the brief?
Does the design resonate with the target audience?
Can the design be produced on time and on budget?
Are there other factors to take into account?
Has the client signed off the design?
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 6 – Implement: Delivering the solution to the design brief
 The designer passes the design artwork and format specifications to those who will
be supplying the final product
 This moment provides a good opportunity to confirm the production specifications
such as print quantity and what you expect to receive.
 By double-checking, everyone is clear about the level of
expectation, and what the client expectations are.
 Providing project management during this stage to ensure that the end results meet
design expectations, and to
keep the project on budget and on time.
Testing functionality as well as the visual appearance.
This stage ends with the final delivery to the client of the finished job
1.1 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 6 – Implement: Delivering the solution to the design brief
 Check list:
Has the client signed off the designs?
Have printers or other production professionals been booked?
Has the artwork been delivered to production professionals?
Has the job been proofed against the design?
Has the finished job been delivered?
1.1 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 7 – Learn: Obtaining the feedback
The final stage in the process involves learning from what has happened
throughout the design process.
a feedback stage during which the client and design agency might seek to
identify what worked well and where there is room for improvement.
the client may begin to look for or receive feedback on how the product has
been received by the target audience and how beneficial its effects on the
target audience have been.
The feedback generated at the end of the process becomes a learning
opportunity for future projects
The learn stage appears to be the last of the seven that we’ve identified,
it actually occurs throughout the design process
Each stage you should take stock of where you are, where you are heading,
what’s working and what’s not
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 7 – Learn: Obtaining the feedback
Checklist:
Has dialogue with the client about the success of implementation taken
place?
How successful was the implementation?
What feedback has the client received or commissioned?
What aspects can be improved?
1.2 Stages of Design Thinking
Stage 7 – Learn: Obtaining the feedback
Checklist:
Has dialogue with the client about the success of implementation taken
place?
How successful was the implementation?
What feedback has the client received or commissioned?
What aspects can be improved?
~THANK YOU~