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Lecture 1. No Solution Vectors 2D and 3D

The document covers fundamental concepts of vectors in physics, including coordinate systems, vector and scalar quantities, and vector operations such as addition and subtraction. It provides examples and practice problems to illustrate how to calculate displacement and represent vectors using rectangular components. The lecture emphasizes the importance of direction and magnitude in vector analysis.

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joemer cabayao
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26 views32 pages

Lecture 1. No Solution Vectors 2D and 3D

The document covers fundamental concepts of vectors in physics, including coordinate systems, vector and scalar quantities, and vector operations such as addition and subtraction. It provides examples and practice problems to illustrate how to calculate displacement and represent vectors using rectangular components. The lecture emphasizes the importance of direction and magnitude in vector analysis.

Uploaded by

joemer cabayao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENPHYS15G

VECTORS
LECTURE 2
Topics to be
discussed
• COORDINATE SYSTEMS
• VECTOR AND SCALAR
QUANTITIES
• SOME PROPERTIES OF
VECTORS
• COMPONENTS OF A
VECTOR AND UNIT
VECTORS
y
Many aspects of physics
(x, involve a description of a
y) location in space. This
r description is accomplished
with the use of
O
x coordinates.
CARTESIAN PLANE POLAR
COORDINATE COORDINATES
SYSTEM • r = distance from the
• also called Rectangular origin to the point having
Coordinates. Cartesian coordinates (x,y)
• where horizontal and • θ = the angle between a
line drawn from the origin
The cartesian coordinates of a point
Practic in the xy plane are (x,y) = (-3.50, -
e 2.50) m, as shown in the figure.
Find the polar coordinates of this
Proble
Given: point. Required:
m 1:
r=?
θ=?
Vector and Scalar
Quantities
A scalar quantity is A vector quantity is
completely specified by a completely specified by a
single value with an number and appropriate
appropriate unit and has no units plus a direction
direction. (the magnitude of the
vector plus a direction).

Example: Speed, Distance, Example: Velocity,


Age Acceleration, Displacement
​ Vector ​ Magnitude
Scalar​
Magnitud Example​ and​
Example​
e​ Direction​
35
Speed​ 35 m/s​ Velocity​
m/s, North​

25 Acceleratio 10 m/s ,
2
Distance​
meters​ n​ South​

Displaceme
Age​ 16 years​ 20 m, East​
nt​
Vector quantities can be
identified by bold type with V = 23 m/s
an arrow above the symbol.
NE
Vectors are represented by
drawing arrows

10
The length and direction of a km
vector should be drawn to a
20
reasonable scale size and
km
show its magnitude.
• When two (2) vectors
point in the SAME
direction, simply add
ADDITION them together.
• When vectors are
added together, they
should be drawn
Vector HEAD TO TAIL to
determine the
Resultant resultant or sum
(1D) vector.
Practic
e
Proble
A man walks 88.5 m east, then another 25 m
m 2:
east. Calculate his displacement relative to where
he started.
SUBTRACTION
• When two (2)
vectors point in the
OPPOSITE
Vector direction, simply
Resultant subtract them.
(1D)
Practic
e
Proble
A man walks 88.5 m east, then another 25 m
m 3:
west. Calculate his displacement relative to
where he started.
Graphical Step Draw a start point.
Vector 1 Decide on a scale.
Step Draw Vector A to

Addition/ 2 scale.
Step Vector B's tail
Subtraction
3 begin at Vector A's
(A±B)
Step head. Draw Vector
4 B to scale.
Draw a line
connecting the
Aligning vectors
head to tail and
then drawing the
resultant from the
tail of the first to
the head of the last.

Graphical
Method
Non-
Colinear When two (2)
Vectors vectors are
PERPENDICULAR
to each other, you
must use the
PYTHAGOREAN
THEOREM.
Practic A man travels 150 km east and
then 200 km north. Calculate
e his resultant displacement.
Proble
m 4:
R B = 200 km, N
(vertical
component)

A = 150 km, E (horizontal


Directions Commonly Used
North of West vs West of North
Suppose a person walked 65 m, 25
Practic degrees East of North. What were
e his horizontal and vertical
components? A
Proble x
m 5: →
Ay 25° 65 m
Practic
e
Proble
A boat moves with a velocity of 25 m/s, N in a river that
flows with a velocity of 16 m/s, West. Calculate the
m 6:
boat's resultant velocity with respect to due North.
Practic
e
Proble
A stormy system moves 5000 km due East, then shifts
m 7:
course at 40 degrees North of East for 1500 km.
Calculate the storm's resultant displacement.
Representatio
n of Vectors
Using
Rectangular
Components
Representation of
Vectors Using
1.Rectangular Components
Rectangular Components and Direction
Cosines
*Reference Frame
Representation of
Vectors Using
Rectangular
*Vector Components of A: Components
A = Axi + Ayj + Azk
*Magnitude of A related to its
components
A=
Vector Addition
Using Rectangular
Consider 2 vectors: Components
A=+
B= +

C=A+B
C= + +
C= +
= (+ )i + (+ )j + (+ )
Rules in Vector Algebra: Vector
Addition, Subtraction, and
1. Vectors may be added or subtracted
Multiplication with a Scalar

2. The Associative, Distributive (Scalar multiplier), and


Commutative Laws apply
Associative:
Distributive: ;
*Note: k is a constant
Commutative:
Example:
Given the two vectors and , find
a. The magnitude of A
b. The sum/resultant of vectors A and B
3D Coordinates
Example:
Find the Coordinates of the
Points A, B, and C
1. A (0, 4, 0)
2. B (2, 0, 3)
3. C (2, 4, 0)
Position Vectors

Position Vectors are vectors drawn


from the origin of a coordinate
system to a certain point. Its
components are the same as the
coordinates of the point.

Example: The vector B is drawn from


the origin to point B. The coordinates
of point B is (2, 0, 3). Thus, vector B
in rectangular or cartesian form is
Position Vectors

Express position vectors


A and C in cartesian or
rectangular form:
Instructions: Answer in 1 whole
Seatwork yellow pad paper. Show complete
solutions.

1
1. A person walks 35.0° north of east for 10
km. How far would she have walk due
east and due north to arrive at the same
location?
2. A car travels 35.0 km due north and then
20.0 km in a direction 60.0° North of
West. Find the magnitude and direction of
the car's resultant displacement.
Instructions: Answer in 1 whole
Seatwork yellow pad paper. Show complete
solutions.

1
3. Find the Coordinates of 3 m
the Points A, B, and C.
8m
4. Express position
vectors A, B, and C in 6m

cartesian or rectangular
form.
Thank you for
listening!

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