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Interpreting Test Scores UNIT:8 C.C:8602 B.Ed

This document outlines the interpretation of test scores, including the types of measurement scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and methods for interpreting scores through percentiles and percentages. It discusses measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variability (range, standard deviation, variance) to analyze and describe data effectively. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts for accurate assessment in educational contexts.

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Zia ur Rahman
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11 views29 pages

Interpreting Test Scores UNIT:8 C.C:8602 B.Ed

This document outlines the interpretation of test scores, including the types of measurement scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and methods for interpreting scores through percentiles and percentages. It discusses measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variability (range, standard deviation, variance) to analyze and describe data effectively. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts for accurate assessment in educational contexts.

Uploaded by

Zia ur Rahman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERPRETING TEST

SCORES

UNIT:8 C.C :8602 B.Ed.


OBJECTIVES

After completing this unit, the students will be able


to:
• understand what are the test score? •
understand what are the measurement scales used for test
scores? • ways of interpreting test score • clarifying the
accuracy of the test scores • explain the meaning of
test scores • interpret test scores • usability of test scores
• learn basic and significant concepts of statistics •
understand and usage of central tendency in educational
measurements • understand and usage of measure of
variation in educational measurements •
Interpreting Test Scores

Raw scores are considering as points scored in test


when the test is scored according to the set
procedure or rubric of marking. These points are not
meaningful without interpretation or further
information. It is important to select the type of score
from among those reported that will permit the
proper interpretation. All types of research data, test
result data, survey data, etc. is called raw data and
collected using four basic scales i.e. Nominal, ordinal,
interval and ratio. An absolute score merely describes
a measure of performance or achievement without
comparing it with any set or specified standard
Cont.

 Measurement Scales
1. Nominal Scale(placing of data into categories,
without any order or structure e.g. Classifying
people according to gender is a common
application of a nominal scale. Similarly ,
categorization of blood groups of classmates into
A, B. AB, O etc.
2. Ordinal Scale.(For example rating of job
satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 10, with 10
representing complete satisfaction)
Cont.

3.Interval Scale (An ordinal scale has quantifiable


difference between values become interval scale
For example, temperature scales are interval data
with 25C warmer than 20C and a 5C difference has
some physical meaning).
4. Ratio Scale Something measured on a ratio
scale has the same properties that an interval scale
has except there is an absolute zero point. Physical
measurements of height, weight, length are
typically ratio variables. Weight is another example,
0 lbs. is a meaningful absence of weight
Interpreting test scores by
percentiles

percentile is the value at a particular rank .


It indicates what %age of other students are fell
below that student’s score who took the same test
and it represents relative standing position of any
student in a population. For example, if your score
on a test is on the 95th percentile, a common
interpretation is that only 5% of the scores were
higher than yours. The median is the 50th
percentile; it is commonly assumed that 50% the
values in a data set are above the median.
Interpreting Test Scores by
Percentages

The number of questions a student gets right on a test is


the student's raw score and raw scores are usually
converted to other types of scores for interpretation
purposes. The conversion of raw score into percentage
convey students’ achievements in understanding and
meaningful way. Marks Obtained/ Total Marks ×100 =
%age marks For example if Sadia got 8 questions right
out of ten questions then we can say that Sadia is able to
solve 8/10 ×100 =80%
Measures of Central
tendency

A measure of central tendency is a single value that


attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the
central position within that set of data. It is also
referred to as measures of centre or central location
it attempts to describe a whole set of data with a
single value that represents the middle or centre of
its distribution. The four measures of central
tendency are mean, median, mode and the range
Cont.
▶ A measure indicating the value to be expected of
a typical or middle data point.
Cont.
 Mean or Average
It is defined as the sum of all the observations
divided by the number of observations. It is denoted
by X.
Cont.

Example of Mean

Example: ▶5, 10, 12, 16, 8, 42, 25, 15, 10, 7

▶Solution:5+10+12+16+8+42+25+15+10+7=150/10

▶ Mean = 15
Cont.

 Median

Median is the middle most value of a set of data.

If the number of observations is in odd form, then


median is the mid value.

If the number of observations is even form, then


median is the average of two middle values.
M(median)=1/2(N+1)
if number of values is even then M is
average of two middle values
Cont.
 Mode The most frequent value that occurs in the set of
data is called mode
Cont.
Measures of variability

Variability means spread or dispersion.


It refers to how spread out a set
of data is
Variability gives a way to describe the data
It refers to the extent to which the score in the
distribution differ from each other or differ from
their mean.
The measures of variability are range, mean
deviation ,variance and standard deviation etc.
Cont.
 Measures of Dispersion
Cont.
Range It is defined as difference between largest and
smallest observations in a set of data. Range
= R = X m - X0
▶Where Xm the largest observation X0 = the smallest
observation
Cont.

Standard Deviation (S.D)


 It determines whether the scores are generally near or far from mean.

 It is the positive square root of the mean of the square deviations taken
from the arithmetic mean of the data .

 It helps in study of variation in data. It is widely used measure of


dispersion . It stands like a tower among measure of dispersion
Use of S.D.
Cont.
Cont.

 Variance
Variance (σ2) in statistics is a measurement of the spread
between numbers in a data set. That is, it measures how
far each number in the set is from the mean and therefore
from every other number in the set.
Cont.

 Normal Curve
One way of presenting out how data are distributed
is to plot them in a graph. ▶Normal or bell curved is
distribution of data may naturally occur in several
possible ways, with
a number of possibilities for standard deviation

Cont.
Skewness Skewness tells us about the amount and
direction of the variation of the data set.
It is a measure of symmetry
Methods of data
presentations
Cont.
 Line Graphs
Cont.
Thanks 4 Attention

Allah Hafiz

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