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Lecture-03-04 (1) .

The document provides an introduction to C++ operators and expressions, detailing various types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, conditional, assignment, and increment/decrement operators. It includes examples of each operator type and explains their syntax and usage in programming. Additionally, it briefly covers common errors in C++ programming.

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7 views23 pages

Lecture-03-04 (1) .

The document provides an introduction to C++ operators and expressions, detailing various types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, conditional, assignment, and increment/decrement operators. It includes examples of each operator type and explains their syntax and usage in programming. Additionally, it briefly covers common errors in C++ programming.

Uploaded by

haiderralii11223
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to C++

Programming
Lecture# 04-05

Operators &
Expressions
Operators in C++

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Relational operators
3. Logical operators
4. Conditional ternary operator ( ? )
5. Assignment operators
6. Increment and decrement operators
Arithmetic Operators
a=9, b=3
Operation Operator Syntax Result

Addition + a+b 12

Subtraction - a–b 6

Multiply * a*b 27

Divide / a/b 3

Modulus % a%b 0
Example
Relational Operators

Operator Meaning Example


== Is Equal To 3 == 5 gives us false
!= Not Equal To 3 != 5 gives us true
> Greater Than 3 > 5 gives us false
< Less Than 3 < 5 gives us true
>= Greater Than or Equal To 3 >= 5 give us false
<= Less Than or Equal To 3 <= 5 gives us true
Example
Logical Operators

Operator Meaning
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
! Logical NOT
Example
Conditional ternary operator
(?)
• condition ? result1 : result2

• If condition is true, the entire expression evaluates to


result1, and otherwise to result2.

7==5 ? 4 : 3 // evaluates to 3, since 7 is not equal to 5.


7==5+2 ? 4 : 3 // evaluates to 4, since 7 is equal to 5+2.
5>3 ? a : b // evaluates to the value of a, since 5 is
greater than 3.
a>b ? a : b // evaluates to whichever is greater, a or b.
Example
// conditional operator
#include <iostream> Output?
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int a,b,c;
a=2;
b=7;
c = (a>b) ? a : b;
cout << c ;
}
Assignment Operator

 An assignment statement changes the value of a variable


 The assignment operator is the = sign

int count, num;


char ltr;
Memory
count = 0; count: 0
num = 55; num: 55
ltr = ‘A’; ltr: A

 The value on the right is stored in the variable on the left


 Any value that was in the variable is overwritten

11
Compound Assignment
Operators
• Compound assignment operators are operators which
provide a shortcut when adding, subtracting, multiplying,
or dividing a number to/by itself.
• Operators: += -= *= /= %=

A op= B is the same as A = A op B


A += B A=A+B
A -= B A=A-B
A *= B A=A*B
A /= B A=A/B
A %= B A=A%B

12
Increment/Decrement Operators
• The increment operator (++) adds one to the value of the variable. The decrement operator (--)
subtracts one from the value of the variable.
x++;
++x; // both increase x by 1

x--;
--x; // both decrease x by 1

• When used alone with one variable, the following three statements are equivalent:
x++;
++x;
x = x + 1;

13
Increment/Decrement Operators
• When used within an expression, however, the
placement matters.

• ++ (pre-increment operator) when the ++ is


placed on the left-hand side of a variable (++x).

Variable is incremented BEFORE the rest of


expression is evaluated:

A = ++B * Num; is equivalent to: B = B + 1;


A
= B * Num;

14
Increment/Decrement Operators

-- (pre-decrement operator)
When the -- is placed on the left-hand side of a
variable (--x).

Variable is decremented BEFORE the rest of


expression is evaluated:

A = -- B * Num; is equivalent to: B = B - 1;

A = B * Num;

15
Increment/Decrement Operators

• ++ (post-increment operator) when the ++ is placed on the right-hand


side of a variable (x++).

Variable is incremented AFTER the rest of expression is evaluated:

A = B++ * Num; is equivalent to A = B * Num;


B = B + 1;

16
Increment/Decrement Operators

• -- (post-decrement operator) when the -- is placed on the right-


hand side of a variable (x--).

Variable is decremented AFTER the rest of expression is evaluated:

A = B-- * Num; is equivalent to A = B * Num;


B = B - 1;

17
Examples

•Suppose that a=2, b=3 and c=6, then:

•(a == 5)
•(a*b >= c)
•(b+4 > a*c)
•((b=2) == a)
Example 01
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
Output?
int x = 5;
int y = 3;
cout << (x > 3 && x < 10);
}
Example 02
using namespace std;

int main() {
int x = 5;
Output?
int y = 3;
cout << (x > 3 || x < 4);
return 0;
}
Example 03
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
Output?
int x = 5;
int y = 3;
cout << (!(x > 3 && x < 10));
return 0;
}
Q1. Write a C++ program to
generate the results as shown
below:
Results: =======Quizzes===============
Enter the score of the first quiz: 90
Enter the score of the second quiz: 75
Enter the score of the third quiz: 91
=======Mid-term==============
Enter the score of the mid-term: 80
=======Final=================
Enter the score of the final: 89
Quiz Total: 256
Mid-term : 80
Final : 89
……………………
Total: 425
Reading Assignment

Errors in C++
1. syntax Errors
2. Run-time Error
3. Linker Errors
4. Logical Errors
5. Semantic errors

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