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Learning Unit 2 (1)

This document covers basic algebra concepts including substitution, expanding and factorizing expressions, solving equations and inequalities, and using graphs to represent linear functions. It explains how to express word problems as inequalities, solve simultaneous equations, and apply algebraic formulas to real-world scenarios. Additionally, it introduces non-linear equations and their graphical representations.

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3 views

Learning Unit 2 (1)

This document covers basic algebra concepts including substitution, expanding and factorizing expressions, solving equations and inequalities, and using graphs to represent linear functions. It explains how to express word problems as inequalities, solve simultaneous equations, and apply algebraic formulas to real-world scenarios. Additionally, it introduces non-linear equations and their graphical representations.

Uploaded by

lallinkomom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning unit 2.

Basic Algebra
• Explain Algebraic rules of substitution, expanding brackets,
factorising, simplifying and expanding algebraic expression;
• Express word problems as inequalities;
• Combine functions using algebraic expressions;
• Set up a linear equation to solve real-world applications;
• Solve simultaneous equations using
graphical; substitution and elimination methods;
• Use graphs to illustrate linear functions by plotting points, using
the gradient and y intercept;
• Use graphs to depict real-word applications;
• Express profit, revenue and cost using algebraic equations;
• Identify non-linear equations(small).
2.1 Substitution
This means substituting a numerical value into an algebraic expression.
Example:

𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 7
Consider the expression:

If we want to determine (or evaluate) the value of this expression for x = 4, all we have to do is
substitute 4 into the expression:

•2.2 Expanding Brackets in Algebra


• If there is a numerical or algebraic term in front of a set of brackets, with the
brackets containing a numerical or algebraic expression, then all factors in
the brackets must be multiplied by the term in front.

• 3(18 − 5) = 3 × 18 − 3 × 5 = 39
• Example:

•3𝑎2𝑏(4𝑎𝑏2 + 2𝑎2𝑏2) = 12𝑎3𝑏3 + 6𝑎4𝑏3


2.3 Factorising an Algebraic Expression

Factorising is the opposite of expanding.

Example:

8𝑥2𝑦3 − 12𝑥3𝑦4 =

6𝑎2𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏2 =

2.4 Simplifying an Algebraic Expression


Three types of algebraic expression
• Those that can be simplified immediately without any preparation;
• Those that require preparation before being simplified; and
• Those that cannot be simplified at all.

1. 9𝑎 − (4𝑐 − 3𝑎 + 8𝑏 − 10) + 3𝑏 − 5𝑐
Example

2. 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 7 − 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 =
3. 7𝑎 − (−3𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 12) − 2=
EXAMPLES CONTINUE

4. 42𝑣 + 6(8𝑣 + 3𝑣 − 10) + 35𝑣

5.

6.

•3 Equations
• An equation is a statement indicating the mathematical equality of two
expressions.

•2𝑥 − 3 = 1
•Equation >>Unknown(Variable):x, Numerically Value(s): Constant(s)

•3(7𝑥 − 6) = 108
4 Solving Algebraic Problems

Rule 1: The same number may be added to both sides of the equation.
For example: x-7=12
Rule 2: The same number may be subtracted from both sides.
For Example: x+7= 12
Rule 3: Both sides of an equation may be multiplied by the same non-zero number.

.
Rule 4: Both sides of an equation may be divided by the same non-zero number.

.40x=51
•
•Rule 5: If an equation contains brackets, use the distributive law to remove the
brackets (i.e. expand the brackets), and then apply rules 1 to 4 where appropriate.
.3(7𝑥 − 6) = 108
5 FORMULAE

5.1Finding the Unknown Value in a Formula

A formula is an equation in which the terms are represented by

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠
words or symbols. For example:𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡=𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒–

If 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒 = R10 000 and 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠 = R3 000


• 5.2 Changing the Subject of a Formula
• 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡=𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒–𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠 Make Revenue the
Subject of the formula.
• 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒 = 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 × 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 Make Quantity the Subject

• 𝐹𝑉 = 𝑃𝑉(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 Make 𝑖 the Subject of the


of the formula.

Formula.
6 Solving Inequalities in Algebra

6.1 Rules for Solving Inequalities.

1. Adding or subtracting the same value to/from both sides of an


inequality does not change the inequality sign;
X-7 ≥12
2. Multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by the same
positive number does not change the inequality sign;
≥2

3. Multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by the same

3(7𝑥 − 6) ≥ -108
negative number changes the direction of the inequality sign.
7 Linear Equations

7.1 Dependent and Independent Variables


The two variables consist of:
1. An independent variable (x): a variable that stands on its own and is not affected by the other variable under consideration; and
2. A dependent variable (y): a variable whose value is dependent on other variable under consideration

• 7.2 The Format of a Linear Equation

•where: 𝑦 = the dependent variable


• y = a + bx

• 𝑥 = the independent variable


• 𝑎 = the 𝑦-intercept (the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 0)
• 𝑏 = the slope/gradient of the line
LINEAR EQUATION EXAMPLE:
As cost is dependent on the number of units produced:

x = no. of units produced; and y = cost

The two cost/production scenarios can be expressed as (x, y) coordinates. In other words, (100,
950) and (200, 1550).X=500.How much will it cost to produce 500 units?

•8 Simultaneous Equations
•
•When dealing with two unknown variables, two simultaneous equations are
required in order to determine the values of the two unknown variables.
•If a solution exists, then simultaneous equations can be solved:
• Graphically; or
• Algebraically (using substitution or elimination).

The 𝑥 and 𝑦 coordinates of the point where the two lines intersect represent the
8.1 Solving Simultaneous Equations Graphically

solution for the simultaneous equations. y= 8-1.5x and y= -22+6x


8.2 Solving Simultaneous Equations using Substitution

of the equals sign in each instance will be 𝑦;


1. If the equations are given in linear function format, then the left-hand side

2. Equate the two equations, and solve for 𝑥;


3. Substitute the value obtained for 𝑥 into either of the original equations
and solve for 𝑦.
y= 8-1.5x and y= -22+6x

• 8.3 Solving Simultaneous Equations using Elimination

a) Multiply one or both equations until the coefficients in front of the 𝑥 or the 𝑦
•

in both equations are the same;


b) Add (or subtract) the equations from one another in such a way that one of
the unknown variables is eliminated;
c) Solve for the remaining unknown variable;
• y= 8-1.5x and y= -22+6x
9 Non-Linear Equations

A common non-linear equation is the quadratic equation, which has the following format:

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Graphically, a quadratic function takes the form of a parabola.

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