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COMPUTER

The document provides an overview of computers, detailing their characteristics, historical development, types, and essential hardware components. It outlines the evolution from first-generation vacuum tube computers to fifth-generation artificial intelligence systems. Additionally, it distinguishes between hardware and software, and lists basic computer applications and important trivia related to computing.

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L Gonyaulax
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6 views13 pages

COMPUTER

The document provides an overview of computers, detailing their characteristics, historical development, types, and essential hardware components. It outlines the evolution from first-generation vacuum tube computers to fifth-generation artificial intelligence systems. Additionally, it distinguishes between hardware and software, and lists basic computer applications and important trivia related to computing.

Uploaded by

L Gonyaulax
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic devices that


processes or transforms data into useful
information by executing a series of
predefined instructions.
Characteristics of Computer System

• 1. Speed - Computers can worked much faster than human


being. The speed of a Computer is Calculated in MHZ
( Mega Hertz), that is one million instruction per second.

• 2. Accuracy - Perform accurately.

• 3. Versatility - Can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

• 4. Storage Capacity - can storage large amount of data.


History of Computer

• First generation(1940 - 1956): Vacuum tube based, heavy


power consumption, Very big in size.
• The first substantial computer was the giant ENIAC machine by
John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of
Pennsylvania. pt.(Electrical Numerical Integrator and
Calculator).

• Second Generation(1956 - 1963): Transistor based technology


which made the size of the computer a little concise and faster
compared to the first generation computer. The transistor was
far superior to vacuum tube, reliable then the first generation.
History of Computer

• Third Generation(1964 -1971): IC based(Integrated circuits)

• The third generation of computers used Integrated circuits


which made this comparatively faster and more reliable.

• It was used for scientific, commercial, and interactive online


applications.

• Programming languages used: COBOL, FORTAIN, BASIC, etc.


History of Computer
• Fourth Generation (1971 -1980)

• It used micro processors inside to work far better


comparatively.

• Used for scientific, commercial, interactive online


applications, and network application.

• Programming languages used: IBM PC, etc.


History of Computer
• Fifth generation(1980 - till date)

• This is the generation of computers where computers are


assigned automatic intelligence. They use artificial
intelligence where they will use their own IQ too to solve a
problem at the end.

• Used for scientific, commercial, interactive online


applications and multimedia.

• Programming languages used: C#, Java, Python etc.


Types of computer
• 1. Analog: Mostly used in Medical Sciences. This very kind of computers work on
continuous data values. For e.g. calculating pressure.

• 2. Digital: This kind of computers uses micro processor technology.

• -Micro Computer: Examples: Desktop. Laptop, Notebook, etc. (personal use)

• -Mini Computer: The processor is small but larger than micro computer. It is generally
used in designing company for commercial use.

• -Mainframe: It has large processor and multiuser device. Number of user is more than
mini computers. ( Mostly used in Metrology)

• -Super Computer: This processor is the biggest of all computers and processing capacity is
highest. It is generally used in nuclear science for calculation purpose.

• 3. Hybrid: This comes with both characteristics of digital and analog. E.g. In Hospitals
Important Trivia
• @ ### CRAY-1 is the first super computer

• @### India's first super computer is Param


800

• @### Father of computer: Charles Babbage


• @### Father of computer: Alan Turing
Trivia
• Gadget: A small tool or device that has a specific
useful purpose and function. Gadgets tend to be
more unusual and cleverly designed than normal
technology.

• IT gadgets available in the market:

• -Smart watch, Tablet, PC, Laptop, Drone camera,


Pen with Camera, PDA(Personal digital assistant)
[Palmtop, pocket-computer, hand-held computer],
Google glass.
Basic Computer Applications:

• -Word Processing
• -Banking
• -Internet
• -Hospitals
• -Communication
• -Gaming
• -Online Booking
Difference between Hardware & Software

• Hardware: The physical parts of computer.

• Software: A generic term for organized


collections of computer data.
Hardware Components:

• -Motherboard: It is the biggest electronic circuit inside the computer system which
holds the CPU (Central Processing Unit), main memory and other parts, and has slots
for expansion cards.

• -SMPS( Switch Mode Power Supply): It converts the alternating current into direct
current and provides current to the entire computer.

• -Storage controllers: Controls the Hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM and other drives. The
controllers sit directly on the motherboard or on expansion cards.

• -Hard-Disk, Floppy Disk and Other Drives used for mass storage

• -Graphic controller: It produces output for the monitor.

• -Interface controller: It connects the computer to external peripheral devices such as


printers or scanners.
Hardware Components:
• CPU( Central Processing Unit):

• -The processing device of a CPU, also known as Microprocessor


is a small chip in computers which receive input from input unit,
process the input, and then provide the output to the output
device.

• -It is composed of Silicon and contains millions of transistors,


for e.g. Pentium, Dual Core, Core i3, i4, i5, ir7 etc. are the
microprocessors.

• - @### A CPU whether micro, mini or mainframe must have


three parts (Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logical Unit, Memory
Unit).

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