Scribd
Upload
6 views25 pages

Module 5

This document provides an overview of sequential circuits, which consist of combinational circuits and storage elements that store binary information. It covers various types of flip-flops, latches, registers, and counters, explaining their functions and differences, particularly between synchronous and asynchronous circuits. Additionally, it discusses the design and operation of shift registers and the use of these components in digital logic circuits.

Uploaded by

gowthamachalla007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views25 pages

Module 5

This document provides an overview of sequential circuits, which consist of combinational circuits and storage elements that store binary information. It covers various types of flip-flops, latches, registers, and counters, explaining their functions and differences, particularly between synchronous and asynchronous circuits. Additionally, it discusses the design and operation of shift registers and the use of these components in digital logic circuits.

Uploaded by

gowthamachalla007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Module 5

Sequential Logic
24CSEN1001: Digital Logic Circuits
What is a Sequential Circuit

A block diagram of a sequential circuit is shown


in Fig. 5.1 . It consists of a combinational circuit
to which storage elements are connected to
form a feedback path. The storage elements
are devices capable of storing binary
information. The binary information stored in
these elements at any given time defines the
state of the sequential circuit at that time. The
sequential circuit receives binary information
from external inputs that, together with the
present state of the storage elements,
determine the binary value of the outputs.
Content
• Flip flops, Basic latch
• R-S flip flop, D flip flop, T flip flop, JK flip flop
• Registers, Shift registers
• Synchronous and Asynchronous (ripple) counters
Flip Flops
• The storage elements (memory) used in clocked sequential circuits are
called flip flops. A flip-flop is a binary storage device capable of storing
one bit of information. In a stable state, the output of a flip-flop is
either 0 or 1. A sequential circuit may use many flip-flops to store as
many bits as necessary.
Basic Latch
• A storage element in a digital circuit can maintain a binary state indefinitely (as long
as power is delivered to the circuit) until directed by an input signal to switch states.
• The major differences among various types of storage elements are in the number of
inputs they possess and in the manner in which the inputs affect the binary state.
• Storage elements that operate with signal levels (rather than signal transitions) are
referred to as latches; those controlled by a clock transition are flip-flops.
• Latches are said to be level-sensitive devices; flip-flops are edge-sensitive devices.
• The two types of storage elements are related because latches are the basic circuits
from which all flip-flops are constructed.
• Although latches are useful for storing binary information and for the design of
asynchronous sequential circuits, they are not practical for use as storage elements in
synchronous sequential circuits.
R-S or SR Latch

NOR NAND

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hi7rK0hZnfc
Characteristic and Excitation Table
D flip flop (Transparent)

CLOCK

• One way to eliminate the undesirable condition


of the indeterminate state in the SR latch is to
ensure that inputs S and R are never equal to 1 at
the same time. This is done in the D latch.
• This latch has only two inputs: D (data) and En
(Enable).
• It is suited for use as temporary storage for
binary information between a unit and its
environment.
JK flip flop (All three operations)

K
JK flip flop tables

J K

Characteristic Table
Toggle (T) flip flop
Types of Sequential Circuits
Sequential Circuits

Synchronous Asynchronous

Behaviours can be defined from Behaviour depends on the


the knowledge of its signal at input signals at any instant of
discrete instants of time time and the order in which
the input changes

Uses clock generator which


provides the periodic train of Storage element acts as a
clock pulses time-delay circuit

The storage elements are Asynchronous circuits are also


affected only when the clock known as combinational
pulses arrive. circuits with feedback.
Latch and Flip Flop
Latch

Flip Flop

Clock
Counters
Counters

Synchronous (same clock for all flip flops) Asynchronous (one flip flop triggers the next)

Down Up-down
BCD counter Ring Counter Up counter
Counter counter

Johnson
Counter

Also known as the


Four-stage switch tail
ring counter
Counters
Asynchronous (or Ripple) counters
• The asynchronous counter is a
sequential circuit used to count
the clock pulses.
• It has a series of flip-flops
connected together. The clock
pulse is given to the first flip-flop.
• The output of each flip-flop is fed
as the clock input for the higher-
order flip-flop.
• The asynchronous counter is also
called a ripple counter.
Asynchronous Counter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiIV28LSQnM&t=600s

Up

Up Count Down Count

Option 1

Relation?

Down

Option 2
Synchronous Counters
• Synchronous Counters can be made from SR, JK, Toggle or D-type flip-flops.
• Synchronous counters are easier to design than asynchronous counters.
• They are called synchronous counters because the clock input of the flip-flops
are all clocked together at the same time with the same clock signal.
• Due to this common clock pulse all output states switch or change
simultaneously.
• With all clock inputs wired together there is no inherent propagation delay.
• Synchronous counters are sometimes called parallel counters as the clock is
fed in parallel to all flip-flops.
• The inherent memory circuit keeps track of the counter’s present state.
• The count sequence is controlled using logic gates.
• Overall faster operation may be achieved compared to Asynchronous
counters.
Synchronous BCD counter
Synchronous Counter for 0->1->3->2
• A Register is a collection of flip
Registers flops. A flip flop is used to store
single bit digital data. For storing a
large number of bits, the storage
capacity is increased by grouping
more than one flip flops.
• If we want to store an n-bit word, we
have to use an n-bit register
containing n number of flip flops.
• The register is used to perform
different types of operations. For
performing the operations, the CPU
use these registers.
• The faded inputs to the system will
store into the registers. The result
returned by the system will store in
Four‐bitthe
register
registers.
Shift registers

Four‐bit shift register


https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_logical_organization/digital_registers.htm

Types of Shift Registers

3. PISO
1. SISO

2. SIPO 4. PIPO
Serial transfer from register A to register B

You might also like