OPEN ELECTIVE

OME753
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
(Anna University, Regulation 2017)

Mrs. S. Priya, M.E., (Ph.D)

Assistant Professor- SG,
Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology
Accredited by NACC “A+”, Recognized by UGC with Section 2(f) and 12(B), NBA Accredited UG Courses : Aero and CSE
Thirumalayampalayam, Coimbatore- 641 105
[email protected]
 Syllabus
UNIT I - INTRODUCTION (9)

• Definitions of Systems Engineering,

• Systems Engineering Knowledge,
• Life cycles,
• Life-cycle phases,
• logical steps of systems engineering,
• Frame works for systems engineering.

OBJECTIVE: CO1: To Analyze the system engineering concepts

Definitions of System Engineering
Systems Engineering is the design, production, and maintenance
of trustworthy systems within cost and time constraints. Our discussion
of systems engineering is assisted by definitions of the structure,
purpose, and functions of systems engineering.

1. Structural definition
2. Functional definition
3. Purposeful definition
Definitions of systems Engineering

Structural Definitions: System Engineering is management technology to

assist clients through the formulation, analysis and interpretation of the
impacts of proposed policies upon the perceived needs of stack holders.

Functional Definition: Systems Engineering is an appropriate

combination of theories and tools, it carried out through use of a suitable
methodology.

Purposeful Definition: The purpose of systems engineering is information

and knowledge organization that will assist clients who desire to develop
policies for management, direction, etc
Framework / Methodology of the system Engineers is generally
comprised of three fundamental steps:
• Issue formulation, such as to identify the needs to be fulfilled and the
requirements associated with these in terms of objectives to be satisfied;
constraints and alterable that affect issue resolution and generation of
potential alternative courses of action.

• Issue analysis, such as to enable us to determine the impacts of

alternative courses of action including possible refinement of these
alternatives.

• Issue interpretation, such as to enable us to rank order the alternatives

in terms of need satisfaction and to select one for implementation or
additional study.
 What do systems engineers do?
1. Define.
2. Develop.
3. Deploy systems.
 Systems engineering is a human, organizational, and technology-based effort that
is inherently multidisciplinary in nature.

 System Engineers build relatively inexpensive models of proposed projects to

refine and test new ideas.
Examples: 1. Airport planning and operations,
2. Command and Control systems,
3. Management Information systems,
4. Software Development Projects,
5. Urban Planning,
6. Plant Layout, and
7. Manufacturing Operations
 Management involves the interaction of the organization with the environment. Management Technology
involves the interaction of science, the organization, and its environment. Information is a very important
quantity which is assumed to be present in the management technology that is systems engineering.

 System Life-Cycle Process, which involves the definition, development, and deployment of a system that is of
high quality, trustworthy, and cost-effective in the aspect of the user.

 The management science basis involves human and organizational concerns, both of the technology development
organization and of the technology user organization.
 The study of Management identify the primary concerns of systems engineers:
1. Physical Systems Planning, development, and deployment.
2. Human and Organizational, or Enterprise, Systems planning, development, and deployment;
3. Information Systems planning, development, and deployment.
The following steps are essential in finding solutions to large
and complicated problems:
1. Disaggregation or decomposition of a large issue into smaller, more easily
understandable parts
2. Analysis of the resulting large number of individual issues.
3. Aggregation (cluster of things brought together) of the results to attempt to find a
solution to the major issue.
Systems are associated with life cycles with minimum of three phases:
4. Definition
5. Development
6. Deployment

The life-cycle phases for definition, development, and deployment need to be

implemented across three life cycles that comprise:
7. Systems planning and marketing,
8. Research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E)
9. Systems acquisition or procurement
 INTRODUCTION/ System Engineering
• Define systems engineering as the definition, design, development, production,
and maintenance of functional, reliable, and trustworthy systems within cost
and time constraints.
• Systems Engineering is the application of scientific and engineering efforts to
a. Transform an Operational need into a description of system performance
parameters and a system configuration through the use of an iterative process
of definition, synthesis, analysis, design, test, and evaluation
b. Integrate related technical parameters and ensure compatibility of all
physical, functional, and program interfaces in a manner that optimizes the
total system definition and design
c. Integrate Reliability, maintainability, safety, survivability, human
engineering, and other factors into the total engineering effort to meet cost.
schedule, supportability, and technical performance objectives.
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:
1. Encompasses the scientific and engineering efforts related to
the development, manufacturing, verification, deployment,
operations, support. and disposal of system products and
processes.
2. Develops needed user training equipment, procedures, and
data.
3. Establishes and maintains configuration management of
the system.
4. Develops work breakdown structures and statements of
work, and it provides information for management decision
making
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

Description: Definitions of Systems Engineering, Systems Management Systems

Life-cycle Methodology Share Systems Engineering Methods and Tools.
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

The evolution of process and production from purpose,

function, and structure and the three levels for systems
engineering:
1. Systems management,
2. methodology, and
3. methods and tools.
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

• The systems engineering process is driven by systems

management and there are a number of drivers for systems
management, such as the competitive strategy of the
organization.
• The functional definition of systems engineering says that
with the various tools and techniques that enable to engineer
systems. Often, these will be systems science and operations
research tools that enable the formal analysis of Structure
Function Purpose
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

Systems engineering is management technology to assist clients through the

formulation, analysis, and interpretation of the impacts of proposed
policies, controls, or complete systems upon the need perspectives,
institutional perspectives and value perspectives of stakeholders to issues
under consideration.
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:
• Systems engineering is an appropriate combination of the methods and tools of
systems engineering, made possible through use for suitable methodology and
systems management procedures, in a useful process-oriented setting that is
appropriate for the resolution of real-world problems, often of large scale and
scope
• Operations research tools that enable the formal analysis of
1. Structure
2. Function
3. Purpose
• The purpose of systems engineering is information and knowledge organization
that will assist clients who desire to define, develop, and deploy total systems to
achieve a high standard of overall quality integrity, and integration as related
to performance, trustworthiness, reliability, availability, and maintainability of
the resulting system. Fig 1.4
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

The Above figure illustrates the basic systems engineering process phases and
steps. Generally, these are combined to form a nine element matrix structure
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

• Systems Engineering methodology is concerned with the life cycle or process used
for system evolution.
• Term systems management to refer to the cognitive and organizational tasks
necessary to produce a useful process, methodology, or product line for system
evolution and to manage the process-related activities that result in a trustworthy
system.
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

Formal perspective at least, consists of three fundamental steps:

• Issue formulation
• Issue analysis
• Issue interpretation

Three Major Life-Cycle Phases associated with systems engineering

*definition, development, and deployment *
 Definitions of Systems Engineering:

Three general systems life cycles,

1. Research, development, test, and
evaluation (RDT&E)
2. Acquisition (or production, or
manufacturing, or fielding)
3. Planning and marketing
 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE

The Systems Engineering knowledge is comprised of the following:

1. Knowledge principles, which generally represent formal problem solving
approaches to knowledge, generally employed in new situations and/or
unstructured environments.
2. Knowledge practices, which represent the accumulated wisdom and
experiences that have led to the development of standard operating policies for
well-structured problems
3. Knowledge perspectives, which represent the view that is held relative to future
directions and realities in the technological area under consideration.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
• Knowledge principles(associated with the functioning of the systems) include a
host of scientific theories. Eg., Newtons Law
• knowledge practices that are based on actual experimental observations eg.,
different drivers breaking different cars.
• Knowledge perspectives are needed when we attempt to project various futures
eg., automobile.
• One form of knowledge leads to another. Knowledge perspectives may create
the incentive for research that leads to the discovery of new knowledge
principles. As knowledge principles emerge and are refined, they generally
become embedded in the form of knowledge practices.
• Technological system planning and development and management system
planning and development, which lead to a new innovative product or service.
 Methodological Frameworks and Systems Engineering
Processes
• To undertake a study of systems engineering methods only and their potential
use to support the production of trustworthy systems, without some
understanding of systems engineering processes, is likely to lead to very
unsatisfactory results.
• As systems engineers, the primarily concerned with the functional and
physical architectures that lead to implementation architectures and the
resulting detailed design of systems of all types.
• Definition, design and development of the software design as well as to the
design of hardware and physical systems.
1 Development results from specifications or architecture for a product or
system.
2. Development is a creative process.
3 Development activity includes design effort which is conceptual in nature.
4. A successful design and development must be broadly responsive to client
 Methodological Frameworks and Systems Engineering
Processes
• Systems Engineers provide a needed interface between
(a) the client or stakeholder group. or enterprise. to whom an operational system
will ultimately be delivered and
(b) a detailed design and implementation group who are responsible for specific
system production and implementation.
 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION
• Systems Engineering process with emphasis on frameworks for systems
methodology and design.
• The framework consists of three dimensions:
1. A logic dimension that consists of three fundamental steps
2. A time dimension that consists of three basic life cycle phases
3. A perspectives dimension that consists of three stages or life cycles.
Three level structured hierarchy comprises a
systems engineering life cycle and is one of the
ingredients of systems engineering
methodology.
It involves 1. System definition
2. System development
3. System deployment
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION

Three level structured hierarchy

comprises a systems engineering
life cycle and is one of the
ingredients of systems
engineering methodology.
It involves
1. System definition
2. System development
3. System deployment
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION
Information Only flows in one direction from one phase to a
subsequent phase will not allow for iterative improvement.
*Forward flow of information, and feedback from one phase to the
other.
*Three fundamental steps for a systems engineering activity:
1. Issue formulation
2. Issue analysis
3. Issue interpretation
 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION
Characterizations of the phases of the systems engineering life cycles will
necessarily involve:.
1 Formulation of the Problem- in which the needs and objectives of a client group
are identified, and potentially acceptable design alternatives, or options, are identified
or generated.
2. Analysis of the Alternatives- in which the impacts of the identified design
options are identified and evaluated.
3. Interpretation and Selection- in which the options or alternative courses of
action, are compared by means of an evaluation of the impacts of the alternatives and
how these are valued by the client group. The needs and objectives of the client group
are necessarily used as a basis for evaluation. The most acceptable alternative is
selected for implementation or further study in a subsequent phase of systems
engineering.
 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION
Characterizations of the phases of the systems engineering life cycles will
necessarily involve:.
1 Formulation of the Problem
2. Analysis of the Alternatives
3. Interpretation and Selection
 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION
Each phase of a life cycle, the phases
in the life cycle, and the life cycles that
comprise the coarse structure or stages
of systems engineering.
• Research, development, test
and evaluation (RDT&E)
• System acquisition or
production
• Systems planning and
marketing
 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION
Each phase of a life cycle, the phases
in the life cycle, and the life cycles
that comprise the coarse structure or
stages of systems engineering.
• Research, development, test
and evaluation (RDT&E)
• System acquisition or
production
• Systems planning and
marketing
 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR SYSTEMS
ACOUISITION OR PRODUCTION

Efforts across the three life cycles

of
• Systems Planning and Marketing
• Research, Development, Test,
and Evaluation and
• systems acquisition, production,
procurement, and manufacturing