College of

Business and
Economics
How to use Computer
and Internet Resources

Prepared By: Ismail K

2017 , Jimma University
 What is Computer
• A computer is a programmable machine that responds to
specific instructions and uses hardware and software to
perform tasks.
• A computer system is a collection of hardware and
software that performs specific tasks.
• A computer is a device that accepts information (in the
form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some
result based on a program, software, or sequence of
instructions on how the data is to be processed.
 Structure of Computer
• Hard ware
• Software
Discuss Types Computers
Discuss Numbering System in a
Computer
 What is Computer Network
• A computer network is a system that connects two or more
computing devices to transmit and share information.
• a system of interconnected computing devices that can
communicate and share resources with each other.
• A computer network is a set of computers sharing
resources located on or provided by network nodes.
• A network is defined as a group of two or more computer
systems linked together.
 What is Internet
• The Internet refers to the entire global network of
interconnected computers
 What is World Wide Web(WWW)
• The World Wide Web specifically refers to information
resources. These are accessed via the Internet using URLs
and browsers.
• World Wide Web (W3), is basically a system of Internet
servers that support specially formatted documents.
 What is Browser

• a software application that allows a

connected device communicate
with web servers on the world wide
web
 What is URL
• A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as
an address on the Web, is a reference to a resource that
specifies its location on a computer network
 URL ..
• Protocol: Usually either http:// or https://, this tells the
web browser to expect a web address to follow. Modern
web browsers don't require you to type the protocol; it
will fill that in on its own.
• Domain: This is the highest-level part of a URL — the
website's name — and you can think of it as the computer
on which the webpage is stored. In reality, the domain is
probably made up of many computers, especially for large
domains accessed by many people.
 URL ..
• Path: Think of this as the folder structure of the website,
so a browser knows which subfolder to find the webpage
in.
• Webpage: This is the last part of the URL and is the
specific page you are requesting. It's generally the actual
filename of the page as it is stored on the domain
computer.
 URL ..
• In reality, a URL is hiding a lot of complexity; the URL is a
user-friendly stand-in for an IP address, which is a string
of characters that serves as the webpage's actual location
on the internet. When you enter a URL into a web
browser, your browser then looks up the IP address of the
domain name using a tool called an Domain Name Server
(DNS). The DNS is like a phone book used by every web
browser.
 Example of Web Browsers
• Google Chrome
• Very easy to learn and use, and it has everything you need
in a browser
• High performance
• Massive amount of third-party extensions
• Microsoft Edge (replaced internet
explorer)

• Deeply integrated AI features

• Power-efficient Chrome alternative
 • Mozilla Firefox
• Open source
• Lightweight
Components of Web Browser
 User Interface:
• This unit includes things that are specific to each type of
browsers and are not created by the web.
• It defines the layout of elements available for user to
interact in the browser window except for the web page
itself. The elements for interaction includes the address
bar, the refresh, back, forward buttons, the bookmark bar,
etc.
 Browser Engine:
This unit handles the interactions between the user
interface and the rendering engine. The browser engine is
the part that receives the input from the UI and processes it
to command the render engine. It’s a middle man who sits
between UI and Render Engine to connect those 2 parts.
 Rendering Engine:
• It is the unit responsible for rendering/displaying the requested
content on the browser window, which is one of the most expensive
operations in the browser. For example, if an HTML page is requested,
then it is responsible for parsing HTML and CSS, and display the
parsed and formatted content on the screen. The most popular
rendering engines are:
• Blink – Used in Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Opera browsers.
Blink is based on Webkit.
• WebKit – Used in Safari browsers.
• Gecko – Used in Mozilla Firefox browsers.
 Networking:
This unit handles HTTP calls and other network-related
tasks.
 JavaScript Interpreter:
• It is a unit used to parse and execute the JavaScript code
in a web page. There are different types of JS engines
used by different browsers to analyse, parse and execute.
• The most popular ones are:
• V8 (C++) – Used in Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.
• SpiderMonkey (C/C++) – Used by Mozilla Firefox.
• JavaScriptCore (Nitro) – Used by Safari.
 UI Backend:
• This unit uses the user interface methods of the
underlying operating system. It is mainly used for drawing
basic widgets like a select box, an input box, a check box,
etc.
 Data Persistence:
A web browser needs to store various types of data locally,
for example, cookies, localStorage, local cache, etc. As a
result, browsers must be compatible with data storage
mechanisms such as WebSQL, IndexedDB, FileSystem, etc.
• Turn On Personal Computer

1
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 User Account
• A user account is a collection of settings and permissions, specific to a
user, that determines what a user can and cannot do on the computer.
These settings are also used to protect the user's files and folders
from access by other non - authorized people.
• Examples:
• Administrators
• Guest
• Limited Users ( any user account created with a limited privilege)
• Administrative Users ( any user account created with a limited Full-
Access privilege )
 What is GUI ( graphical User
Interface)
• A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a type of user
interface that allows users to interact with a computer or
other electronic device using visual elements like icons,
menus, and a pointing device (like a mouse). It's a more
intuitive way to interact with a computer compared to
text-based command-line interfaces (CLIs).
Benefits of GUI
 What is Desktop
• A desktop is a computer display area that represents the kinds of
objects found on top of a physical desk, including documents, phone
books, telephones, reference sources, writing and drawing tools, and
project folders.
• A desktop can be contained in a window that is part of the total
display area or can be full screen, taking up the total display area.
Users can have multiple desktops for different projects and work
environments, and they can switch between them.
• A desktop on a computer display is different from a desktop computer,
which is personal computer (PC) that sits on a desk or table.
Desktop