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CHEM

The document outlines an experiment to observe the effect of salt on the melting rate of ice, explaining the concept of freezing point depression. It discusses key factors influencing freezing point depression, practical applications such as antifreeze and salting roads, and provides formulas for calculating freezing point depression. Additionally, it includes examples and practice problems to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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11 views21 pages

CHEM

The document outlines an experiment to observe the effect of salt on the melting rate of ice, explaining the concept of freezing point depression. It discusses key factors influencing freezing point depression, practical applications such as antifreeze and salting roads, and provides formulas for calculating freezing point depression. Additionally, it includes examples and practice problems to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

labanlangalaksan5445
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FREEZIN

G POINT
DEPRES
SION
EXPERIMENT
TIME!
Prepare two ice and place it where both can be
observe.
Add salt on the other one, and don’t do anything to
the other.

Observe the changes that will happen.

Identify which dissolve faster.


LEARNING
CHECK!
Why do you think, the other one
dissolve faster than the other ice?

A (ice only) B (ice w/ salt)


Z Freezing Point
F R E E Depression
NO
IP GIN in Solution
• The freezing point of water is 0℃,
but the melting point can be
T depressed by adding on a solvent
such as a salt.

• The use of ordinary salt (sodium


chloride, NaCl) on icy roads in the
winter helps to melt the ice from the
roads by lowering the melting point
of the ice.
Z Key Factors
F R E E Influencing Freezing
NO
IP GIN Point
1. Depression:
Nature of the solute:
•Non-volatile – The solute should

T not readily evaporate at the


solution’s temperature
• Electrolyte vs Non-electrolyte:
Electrolyte dissociate into ions in
solution, increasing the number of
particles and the freezing point
depression. Non-electrolytes do not
dissociate and have a smaller
effect.
Z Key Factors
F R E E Influencing Freezing
NO
IP GIN Point Depression:
2. Concentration of the Solute: The

T more the solute particles


present in the solution, the greater
the freezing point depression.
3. Cryoscopic Constant: This
property specific to the solvent,
indicating how much the freezing
point will be lowered for a 1 molal
solution.
Practical Application:
1. Antifreeze: Antifreeze (ethylene
glycol) is added to car radiators to
lower the freezing point of the coolant,
preventing the engine from freezing in
cold weather.
2. Salting Roads: Salt are spread in the
roadsto lower the freezing point of
water, preventing the formation of ice
and improving traction for vehicles.
3. Food Preservation: Salting the food
lowers the freezing point of water
within the food, inhibiting bacterial
growth and spoilage.
Calculate the freezing point elevation (ΔTf
) relative to the pure solvent using the
formula:

ΔTf = (K f m)
Where:
(C )
ΔT = freezing point depression
f
fK = Cryoscopic Constant
mC = concentration, molality
ΔTf = f T f-
Where: T
ΔT
f = freezing point depression
f T = freezing point of solution
f T = freezing point of pure
solvent
LEARNING
CHECK!
Example:
Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing
478 grams of ethyleneglycol (EG), CH2(OH)CH2(H) in
3202 g of H2O.

mole, n = = = 7.71 mol of EG

molality, m = = = 2.41 m
= -
= (1.86)() = 0°C – 4.48°C
= 4.48°C = -4.48°C

The freezing point of a


solution is -4.48°C
Example:
Aqueous solution contains the amino acids glycine (). Assuming
that the acid does not immunize in , calculate the molality of the
solutions if it freezes at -1.10°C.

= 0°C – (-1.1°C)
= -1.1 °C

=
TRY Find the freezing point depression of

THIS! 217 g of (M= 72.2 g/mol) in 0.600 kg of


cyclohexane. ( = 20. 2°C)

mole, n = = = 3.006 mol of

molality, m = = = 5.01 m

= (20.2)()
= 101.2°C

Therefore, the freezing point depression is -


101.2°C
Van’t Hoff Factor
• Represents by small letter “i”

• Nonelectrolytes are substances with no ions,


only molecules. Electrolytes, on the other hand,
are composed mostly of ionic compounds, and
essentially all soluble ionic compounds form
electrolytes.

• Therefore, if we can establish that if the


substance is covalent we may attempt to solve
problem using our formulas.
Van’t Hoff Factor Formula
• To get the Van’t Hoff Factor, the formula is:

Where:
= fraction of solute that dissociates
= number of ions produced

Example: NaCl
• = 1 (complete dissociation)
• = 2 (and )

=2
Find the freezing point depression of 33.5 g of (M=
67.0 g/mol) in 1.25 kg of acetic acid. (Kf= 3.90 °C/m)

mole, n = = = 0.500 mol

molality, m = = =0.4 m

= (2)(3.90)()
= 3.12°C
Therefore the freezing point depression is -3.12°C
Example:
Calculate the freezing point depression of the
solution:
15.0 grams sodium chloride (M= 58.44 g/mol) are
dissolved in 250.0 grams of water.

mole, n = = = 0.256 mol


molality, m = = = 1.02 m

= (2)(1.86)()
= 3.80°C

Therefore the new freezing point depression is -3.80°C


.

REVIEW
TIME!
Find the freezing point depression of 40.5 g of NaCl (M= 58.45 g/mol)
in 950 g of acetic acid. (Kf= 3.59 °C/m)
mole, n = = = 0.6929 mol
molality, m = = =0.7294 m

= (2)(3)()
= 5.24°C
A 5.00 grams of unknown solute are dissolved in
50.0 grams of benzene. The freezing point of the
solution is measured to be 4.80 °C. The freezing
point of pure benzene is 5.50 °C, and its kf value is
5.12°C/m. Determine the molar mass of the unknown
solute.

(freezing point of solution)


= 5.50°C – 4.80°C M = mass of solute/n
= 0.70 °C = 5.00 g/0.00685
= 730 g/mol
m= = = 0.137 mol/kg

n = m*kg of solvent
= 0.137mol/kg*0.050kg
= 0.00685 mol
QUIZ TIME!
Find the freezing point depression of 127 g of in
450 g of cyclohexane. ( = 20. 0°C)

Calculate the freezing point depression of 205.0 grams


.(M= 142.06 g/mol) are dissolved in 250.0 grams of
water. (Kf = 1.86 °C)

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