WELCOME

To

Institute of Health Technology

Rajshahi
Afroze
Mahmud
Guest Teacher
Computer Science
IHT, Rajshahi
 Chapter-4
Computer Input and Output Device
4.1 Input Device:
An input device is a piece of hardware used to provide data to a
computer used for interaction and control. It allows input of raw
data to the computer for processing Input devices are generally a
class of peripheral devices that connect to the primary device.
Computers only work with digital information. Any input that a
computer receives must be digitized.
Following are some of the important input devices which
are used in a computer:
Keyboard: A keyboard is one of the primary input devices that
allow users to input text into a computer or any other electronic
machinery, It is a peripheral device that is the most basic way
for the user to communicate with a computer. It consists of
multiple buttons, which create numbers, symbols, letters and
special keys like the Windows and Alt key, including performing
other functions. The design of the keyboard comes from the
typewriter keyboards, and numbers and letters are arranged on
the keyboard in that way, which helps to type quickly.
The following image shows a 104-key Saitek keyboard with
arrows pointing to each section including the control keys,
function keys, LED indicators, wrist pad, arrow keys and
keypad.
➤ Mouse: A mouse is a small handheld input device that
controls a computer scren's cursor of pointer in conjunction
with the way it is moved on a flat surface. The mouse term
name originates from its likeness to a small, corded and
elliptical shaped device that looks like a mouse tail. Some
mouse devices have integrated features, such as extra
buttons that may be programmed and assigned with different
commands.
Below is a list of all the computer mouse functions and
options to give you an idea of all the mouse capabilities.
i. Moves the mouse cursor- The primary function is to
move the mouse pointer on the screen.

ii. Point- Once the mouse is moved, you can point

something out for another user or point a digital object. For
example, in a game you can use the mouse to point a gun
in the direction to shoot.
iii. Open or execute a program- Once you've moved the
pointer to an icon, folder or another object clicking or double-
clicking that object opens the document or executes the
program.Some programs even support triple-clicking .
iv. Select - A mouse also allows you to select text or a file or
highlight and select multiple files ar once.
v. Drag-and-drop- Once something is selected; it can also
be moved using the drag-and-drop method.

vi. Hover- Moving the mouse cursor over objects with hover
information helps discover t object's function. For example,
hover the mouse over the "hover" link to see an example.

vii. Scroll- When working with a long document or viewing a

long web page, you may need to scroll up or down. To scroll,
rotate the mouse wheel or click-and-drag the scroll bar. The
mouse we can also be used as a button. See the IntelliMouse
page for further information and functions of the mouse
wheel.
viii. Perform other functions- Many desktop
mice also have buttons that can be programmed
to perform any function. For example, many
mice have two side buttons on the thumb
portion of the mouse.
Scanner- is an input device that reads an image
and converts it into a digital file. A scanner is connected to
a computer through USB. There are different types of
scanners:
i. Flatbed scanner-uses a flat surface to scan documents.
ii. Shifted scanner-like a laser printer where paper is fed
into the scanner.
iii. Handheld scanner - the scanner is dragged over the
page to be scanned.
iv Card scanner-for scanning business card.
Digital cameras are other examples of input devices,
most common in the world today.
A digital camera is a photographic input device in which the
image or video is recorded on a CCD (Charge Coupled
Device)system hind stored in digital form in memory cards.
It can not only capture and digitize an image but also record
sound and shooting
The digital cameraparameters.
allows us to take a photograph and
immediately create document in standardized formats for
the computer or other devices. The digital camera uses its
CCD sensor or Charge Coupled Device as its focal plane.
The cameras are used by both people who are interested or
not in photography to capture memorable moments and
professional photographers.
Advantages of digital camera-
i. Images recorded (input) with a digital camera can be
displayed on the screen immediately.
ii. Thousands of photos can be stored in a small memory
card.
iii. To free up space in it stored images or videos can also be
deleted.
iv In some digital cameras, it is also possible to crop images
Microphone:
A microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in
the air into electronic signals or scribes them to a recording
medium. Microphones enable many types of audio recording
devices for purposes including communications of many
kinds, as well as
A microphone is music anddevice
an input speech recording.
that was developed by Emile
Berliner in 1877. It is used to convert sound waves into electric
wavesorinput the audio into computers. It captures audio by
converting sound waves into an electrical signal, which may be a
digital or analog signal. This process can be implemented by a
computer or other digital audio devices. The first electronic
microphone was based on a liquid mechanism, which used a
diaphragm that was connected to a current- charged needle in a
diluted sulfuric acid solution. It was not able to reproduce the
Touch screen:
intelligible speech.
A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to
interact with a computer using their finger or stylus. They're
a useful alternative to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a
GUI (graphical user interface). Touch screens are used on a
variety of devices, such as a computer and laptop displays,
Smartphone, tablets, cash registers and information kiosks.
Some touch screens use a grid of infrared beams to sense
the presence of a finger instead of utilizing touch-sensitive
Following are the benefits or advantages of Touch Screen
Interface:
i. It is easy for inexperienced user to learn and operate with
the help of touch of any one of the fingers.
ii. It saves lot of space and avoids external devices such as
keyboard or mouse.
iii. It provides quick and efficient selection of menu options.
iv. The interface is very easy to maintain as no dirt gets
accumulated.
v. It offers very high durability and reliability.
vi. It is easy to change the GUI on the touch screen
interface with the help of software upgrades.
Joystick is an input device that control a character or machine in a
computer program, such as a plane in a flight simulator. They look
similar to the control device you would find on an arcade game,
but nearly always include extra buttons for additional functionality.
The picture shows the Logitech Freedom 2.4, an example of a
joystick
 Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR):
MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large
number of cheques to be processed every day. The bank's code
number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a
special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material
that are machine readable. This reading process is called
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). The main advantages
of MICR are that it is fast and less error prone.
Optical Character Reader (OCR):
OCR is an input device used to read a printed text. OCR scans the
text optically, character by character, converts them into a
machine readable code and stores the text on the system
memory
 Optical Mark Reader (OMR):
OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type
of mark made by pen or pencil. It is used where one out of a few
alternatives is to be selected and marked. It is specially used for
checking the answer sheets of examinations having multiple
choice questions.
4.2 Output device:
An output device is any hardware device used to send data fron a
computer to another device or user. Usually, most output peripherals
are meant for human use, so they receive the processed data from
the computer and transform it in the form of audio, video or physical
reproductions. Typical examples of output devices are monitors and
projectors (video), headphones and speakers (audio) or printers and
plotters (physical reproduction in the form of text or graphics)
The different types of output device are as follows:
 Monitor:
A monitor is an electronic output device that is also known as a video
display terminal(VDT) or a video display unit (VDU). It is used to
display images, text, video and graphics informatics generated by a
connected computer via a computer's video card. Although it is
almost like a TV, resolution is much higher than a TV. The first
computer monitor was introduced on 1 March 1971 which was part of
the Xerox Alto computer system.
i.Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): A cathode-ray tube is a display device
used in television sets and computer monitors. It is a kind of vacuum
tube which contains one or more electron guna, electrostatic
deflection plates and a phosphor target which is located at the back
of the glas screen. A cathode for which the CRT got its name is a
positive terminal at which electrons may enter.
ii. Liquid-Crystal Display: A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is
a computer monitor or display that uses LCD technology to show
clear images and is found mostly in laptop computers and flat panel
monitors. This technology has replaced the traditional cathode ray
tube (CRT) monitors, which were the previous standard and once
were considered to have better picture quality than early LCD
variants.
iii. Light-emitting diode (LED): LED Display (light-emitting diode
display) is a screen display technology that uses a panel of LEDs as
the light source. Currently, a large number of electronic devices, both
small and large, use LED display as a screen and as an interaction
medium between the user and the system. Modern electronic devices
such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer monitors, laptops
screens etc. use a LED display to display their output.
➤ Plotter:
A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is
used for printing vector graphics, Instead of toner, plotters use a
pen, pencil, marker or another writing tool to draw multiple,
continuous lines onto paper rather than a series of dots like a
traditional printer. Though once widely used for computer-aided
design, these devices have more or less been phased out by wide-
format printers. Plotters produce a hard copy of schematics and
other similar applications.

Advantages of plotters:
i. Plotters can work on very large sheets of paper while maintaining
high restilution.
ii.They can print on a wide variety of flat materials including
plywood, aluminum, shet steel, cardboard and plastic.
➤ Projector:
A projector is an output device that takes images generated by a
computer or Blu-ray player and reproduce them by projection onto a
screen, wall or another surface. In most cases, the surface projected
onto is large, flat and lightly colored. For example, you could use a
projector to show a presentation on a large screen so that everyone
in the room can see it.Projectors can produce either still (slides) or
moving images (videos). A projector is often about the size of a
toaster and weighs only a few pounds.

➤ Speakers:
A computer speaker is an outputhardware device that connects to a
computer to generate sound. The signal used to produce the sound
that comes from a computer speaker is created by the computer's
sound card. The picture shows the Harman Kardon Sound sticks III
2.1 Charte Multimedia Speaker System.
A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the
electronic data stored on a computer or other device and
generates a hard copy. For example, if you created a report on
your computer, you could print several copies to hand out at a
staff meeting. Printers are one of the most popular
computerperipherals and types
A list of all the various are commonly used
of printers to print
is given text and
below:
photos.
i. Inkjet Printers: It is widely used by home and business
computer users that print characters by spraying the ink using
magnetic plates on the paper. It contains a paper feed assembly,
ink cartridge,
ii. Laser print head,
printers: Thestabilizer bar and
laser printer is belt.
one of the common
personal computer printers. It was introduced in 1971 and after
that it was developed at Xerox PARC by Gary Stark weather. It
uses the laser or non-impact photocopier technology to print the
text and images on the paper. Whenever it gets input to print any
document, a laser beam draws the document on the selenium-
coated
iii. 3D drum with One
Printers: the help of best
of the electric charges.
enhancements in the history of
printing technology is the 3d printer, which was developed by
Chuck Hull in 1984. It produces 3D objects and items by using
quality resin. It uses materials like plastics, polymers, metal
alloys or even food ingredients.
 Q. Exercise-4
1. What are the input and output device. With example.
2. Write down the name of common input and output device. Or, Define
input and
output Device? Give example.
Or, Write down the name of five input and output device.
3. What is Keyboard? Write some mane of important keypad of a
keyboard with
short discussion.
4. What is mouse? Function of mouse.
5. What is Touch screen?
6. What is touch screen technology?
7. Write short note on: Touch pad, Joysticks, Webcam, VDU Microphone,
DVD and
Scanner.
8. What is Monitor? Types of monitor.
9. What are printer & Plotter? Write down the classification of printer.