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AI-Lecture 1

The document discusses Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a branch of computer science aimed at creating intelligent software and hardware that mimics human behavior. It highlights the importance of AI in enhancing human capabilities rather than replacing them, and outlines key concepts such as intelligence, the Turing Test, and components of AI programs. Additionally, it lists various topics within AI and provides assignments related to swarm intelligence and the ELIZA program.

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17 views13 pages

AI-Lecture 1

The document discusses Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a branch of computer science aimed at creating intelligent software and hardware that mimics human behavior. It highlights the importance of AI in enhancing human capabilities rather than replacing them, and outlines key concepts such as intelligence, the Turing Test, and components of AI programs. Additionally, it lists various topics within AI and provides assignments related to swarm intelligence and the ELIZA program.

Uploaded by

mohammadshawal0003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Waheed ur Rehman
Department of Computer Science
University of Peshawar
Artificial Intelligence
Making Computers More Useful by
making them smarter
• AI is a subdivision of computer science devoted to creating computer software
and hardware that imitates the human mind.
• We call programs ‘intelligent’ if they exhibit behaviors that would be regarded
as intelligent if they were exhibited by human beings – Herbert Simon
• Word AI is credited to John McCarthy (1956)
• Will human be replaced?
• NO. The idea is not to replace human being but to provide them with useful
and powerful tools to assist them in their work.

• What is Intelligence?
Intelligence
• The ability to acquire knowledge and apply it
• The capability of thinking and reasoning

• Is there any level of intelligence?


• Is computer an intelligent machine?
• Microsoft Autocorrect--> is it intelligent?
Definitions: AI
• Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with
helping machines find solutions to complex problems in a more
human-like fashion.
• This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human
intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer
friendly way.
• The main purpose of AI is to make computers smarter, more
powerful and thus more useful.
What is intelligence?
• Perceive the world around us? Eat when hungry? Pick a spot of shade to avoid
sun? sense danger and flee, or fight if escape is not possible?

• Goal oriented behavior? Such behavior requires collection and organization of


large amounts of knowledge.

• But forgetting unimportant things is also a part of intelligent behavior.

• Self-awareness (I think, therefore I am)


• Computers have no knowledge of their existence including most of the animals
such as dog, cat etc.
Turing Test and Chinese Room
Argument

‘A’-Evaluator has no idea if Gets Chinese symbols as input,


he/she is talking to a computer use the rule book and return the
Chinese symbols as output.
Q. Does he understand Chinese
language?
ELIZA
• written by Joseph Weizenbaum from 1964 to 1966.
• A break-through
• The program was able to converse about any subject, as it stored the subject
information in the data bank
• Pickup speech patterns from the user’s questions and providing responses
using those patterns
• Main Characteristics
• Simulation of intelligence—no intelligent + no understanding + just simulate
• Quality of response – limited available template
• Coherence – sentence based with no coherence to the previous conversation
• Semantic– no Semantic representation
Components of AI Program
• Knowledge base
• KB is based on facts and rules
• Voluminous in nature and require proper structuring
• May be incomplete and imprecise
• May be dynamic and keep on changing
• Control Strategy
• Which rule to be applied
• To know this rule, some heuristics or thumb rule based on problem domain may be
applied
• Inference Mechanism
• Requires search through the KB
• Derives new knowledge using the existing knowledge with the help of inference rule.
Conventional VS AI Computing
• Conventional computers uses algorithms for data storage and
retrieval, calculation, control and other processing functions.
• AI is a software that consist of knowledge base and a mechanism that
solves problems and make decisions by search and pattern matching
techniques.
Topics in AI
• Knowledge representation
• Natural language processing
• Expert system
• Robotics
• Machine learning
• Fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets
• Machine translation
• Neural networks
• Pattern recognition
Thanks and Questions!!
Assignment 1
1. Define the following terms. How does it work?
• Swarm Intelligence (250 words)
• Ant Colony Algorithm (250 words)

2. Suggest the different step for constructing Tic-tac-toe game.


• All assignments should be submitted in groups.
• Deadline Next Class
2. Use ELIZA program and discuss it in the class.

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