Computer in

Organizations
CSC735
Scheme of Work
 Introduction to Computer in Organizations and
Database Management System
 Information Systems and Managements

 Cloud Computing

 Business Intelligence and Analytics

 Emerging Trends in IT and Their Impact on

Organizations
 Networks and Telecommunications in
Organizations
Introduction to Computer
 A computer is an electronic device that processes
data and performs tasks according to a set of
instructions, typically provided by software
programs.
Introduction to Computer
Hardware: The physical parts of a computer, including:
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the
computer that performs instructions and processes data.
Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data that is
being processed or used by applications.
Storage (Hard Drive, SSD): Long-term data storage
for files, programs, and operating systems.
Input Devices: Tools for entering data (e.g., keyboard,
mouse).
Output Devices: Tools for receiving output (e.g.,
monitor, printer).
Types of Softwares

`System Software

Application Software

System Software
Introduction to the System Software
System software is a type of software that provides
the foundational layer for a computer's hardware to
function and for application software to run.
Operating Systems
Device Drivers
Firmware (e.g Software stored in Basic Input Output System
) responsible for performing the initial hardware checks and
booting the system when the computer is powered on.
Introduction to the Application
Software
Application software refers to programs designed to
perform specific tasks or functions for the end-user.
Types of Application Software
 Web Application Softwares
 Desktop Application Softwares
 Mobile Application Softwares
 Hybrid Mobile Application Software
 Native Mobile Application Software
Introduction to Application Software
in Organizations
Application software plays a critical role in this
technological framework, enabling users to perform
specific tasks that address the unique needs of
businesses.
Introduction to Application Software
in Organizations
Application software plays a critical role in this
technological framework, enabling users to perform
specific tasks that address the unique needs of
businesses.
Key Benefits of Application Software
in Organizations
Data Management and Analysis: Applications designed
for data management help organizations store, organize,
and analyze large volumes of information. This capability
enables data-driven decision-making, leading to better
strategic planning and resource allocation.
Enhanced Productivity: Application software streamlines
various processes, allowing employees to complete tasks
more efficiently. For instance, word processing software
helps in creating and editing documents quickly, while
spreadsheet applications facilitate data analysis and
reporting.
Improved Collaboration: Many application software
solutions incorporate features that promote teamwork and
communication.
Introduction to Database
Management System
A Database Management System (DBMS) is
software that allows users to create, manage, and
manipulate databases. It provides an organized
framework for storing, retrieving, and managing data in
a structured way, ensuring that the data is accurate,
secure, and accessible.
Functions of a Database
Management System
Data Storage, Retrieval, and Update: The DBMS
stores large volumes of data, allowing users to easily
retrieve and modify it using structured queries.
Data Security: A DBMS provides mechanisms to
protect sensitive data from unauthorized access
through user authentication and access controls.
Data Integrity: DBMS ensures data consistency and
accuracy by enforcing data validation rules, such as
constraints, during data entry or updates.
Data Backup and Recovery: A DBMS offers tools for
data backup and recovery in case of hardware failures
or other data loss events.
Types of Database Management
System
Relational DBMS (RDBMS): Stores data in tables (also
called relations) with predefined relationships
between them. SQL (Structured Query Language) is
commonly used for querying relational databases.
Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Microsoft
SQL Server.
NoSQL DBMS: Designed for handling unstructured or
semi-structured data. It is suitable for large-scale
distributed data storage and real-time web
applications.
Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra, CouchDB.
 Types of Database Management
System
Hierarchical DBMS: Organizes data in a tree-like
structure, where each child record has only one parent.
Example: IBM Information Management System
(IMS).
Network DBMS: Similar to a hierarchical DBMS but
allows each child to have multiple parents, forming a
graph structure.
Example: Integrated Data Store (IDS).
Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS): Stores data in the
form of objects, similar to object-oriented programming.
Example: db4o, ObjectDB.
Relational Database Management
System
What is a relational Database Management System
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a
type of database management system that organizes data
into structured tables (also known as relations), where each
table consists of rows and columns.
 Key Features
 Tables
 Records
 Tuple/Rows
 Columns/Attributes
 Constraints
Practical class –Next Lesson 1b
Introduction to Relational Database Management
System
Introduction to Access database Management
Creating Tables and relations
Understanding the practical implementation of Constraints
Data manipulations
Assessment Questions
Briefly explain the types of softwares and their types
Explain three key benefits of application software to
Organizations
What is a relational Database Management System
What are constraints and explain the primary, foreign
and unique key constraints
Explain the relations