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Data Structures Algorithms Part 12

Data structures are methods for organizing and storing data efficiently, with examples including arrays, linked lists, and trees. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, with various types such as sorting and searching algorithms that optimize computation efficiency. Understanding both data structures and algorithms is crucial for improving performance and resource management in programming.

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Motuma Lalisa
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2 views

Data Structures Algorithms Part 12

Data structures are methods for organizing and storing data efficiently, with examples including arrays, linked lists, and trees. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, with various types such as sorting and searching algorithms that optimize computation efficiency. Understanding both data structures and algorithms is crucial for improving performance and resource management in programming.

Uploaded by

Motuma Lalisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

6 Data Structures and


Algorithms
Understanding the Foundations of
Efficient Programming
What are Data Structures?
• Data structures are ways to organize and store
data efficiently.

• - Help in managing and manipulating data.


• - Improve performance in searching, sorting,
and processing.
• - Examples: Arrays, Linked Lists, Stacks,
Queues, Trees, Graphs.
Common Data Structures
• - Arrays: Fixed-size, indexed collection.
• - Linked Lists: Dynamic nodes linked together.
• - Stacks: Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) structure.
• - Queues: First-In-First-Out (FIFO) structure.
• - Trees: Hierarchical structure (e.g., Binary
Tree).
• - Graphs: Nodes connected by edges, used in
networks.
What are Algorithms?
• An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for
solving a problem.

• - Optimizes efficiency in computation.


• - Examples: Sorting, searching, and graph
traversal algorithms.
Sorting Algorithms
• - Bubble Sort: Repeatedly swaps adjacent
elements.
• - Selection Sort: Finds the smallest element
and places it first.
• - Merge Sort: Recursively splits and merges
sorted halves.
• - Quick Sort: Uses pivot element for
partitioning.
Searching Algorithms
• - Linear Search: Checks each element
sequentially.
• - Binary Search: Efficient for sorted arrays
(O(log n)).
• - Hashing: Uses a key-value pair mapping for
quick access.
Algorithm Complexity (Big O Notation)
• Big O Notation describes algorithm efficiency:

• - O(1): Constant time.


• - O(log n): Logarithmic time.
• - O(n): Linear time.
• - O(n log n): Efficient sorting.
• - O(n²): Nested loops, inefficient for large
inputs.
Applications of Data Structures &
Algorithms
• - Databases use indexing for fast searches.
• - Operating systems manage memory using
queues.
• - AI and ML optimize data processing.
• - Networking uses graph algorithms for
routing.
Conclusion
• Data structures and algorithms improve
efficiency in problem-solving.

• - Choosing the right structure affects speed


and memory usage.
• - Understanding algorithms helps optimize
performance.

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