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Computer Networking (CS3591)

The document provides an overview of computer networking, including its definition, importance, types, devices, models, protocols, and security measures. It covers various networking concepts such as IP addressing, wireless technologies, and emerging trends like SDN and AI. The course outcomes outline the skills students will gain, including understanding networking fundamentals and implementing security measures.

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Indumathy
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2 views

Computer Networking (CS3591)

The document provides an overview of computer networking, including its definition, importance, types, devices, models, protocols, and security measures. It covers various networking concepts such as IP addressing, wireless technologies, and emerging trends like SDN and AI. The course outcomes outline the skills students will gain, including understanding networking fundamentals and implementing security measures.

Uploaded by

Indumathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networking

(CS3591)
SUBTITLE: FUNDAMENTALS, PROTOCOLS, AND APPLICATIONS
PRESENTED BY: INDHUMATHY.U
DATE:24/03/2025
Introduction to Computer
Networking
What is Computer Networking?
A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that exchange
data and share resources.
Importance of Computer Networks
• Enables communication (Email, VoIP, video conferencing)
• Facilitates resource sharing (printers, storage, applications)
• Supports distributed computing and cloud-based services
Types of Computer Networks

Based on Coverage Area Based on Topology


• PAN (Personal Area Network): Small- • Star: Central hub/switch controls
scale networks like Bluetooth,
communication.
smartwatches.
• LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a
• Bus: Devices connected in a single line.
small geographical area like offices, schools. • Ring: Devices connected in a circular
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): manner.
Covers a city or town, used by ISPs. • Mesh: Each device is connected to
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large multiple other devices.
geographical areas like the internet.
• Hybrid: Combination of two or more
topologies.
Network Devices

• Router: Connects different networks and directs traffic.


• Switch: Forwards data packets within a LAN.
• Hub: Broadcasts data to all devices in a network.
• Modem: Converts digital signals to analog for transmission.
• Firewall: Monitors and filters network traffic for security.
Network Models (OSI & TCP/IP)

OSI Model (7 Layers) TCP/IP Model (4


1. Physical - Transmission of raw data (cables,
signals) Layers)
2. Data Link - Error detection and correction 1. Network Interface - Physical connection
(MAC, switches) (Ethernet, Wi-Fi)
3. Network - Routing and addressing (IP, routers)
2. Internet - Logical addressing and routing
4. Transport - End-to-end communication (TCP, (IP, ICMP)
UDP)
3. Transport - Reliable transmission (TCP,
5. Session - Manages communication sessions
UDP)
6. Presentation - Data formatting and encryption
4. Application - User applications (HTTP,
7. Application - End-user applications (HTTP, FTP)
FTP, SMTP)
Networking Protocols

Application Layer Protocols:


• HTTP/HTTPS: Web communication
• FTP: File transfer
• SMTP/POP3/IMAP: Email communication
• DNS: Domain name resolution

Transport Layer Protocols:


• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable communication
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Faster but unreliable
Networking Protocols

Network Layer Protocols:


• IP (Internet Protocol): Addressing and routing
• ICMP: Error reporting and diagnostics
• ARP: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses
Data Link Layer Protocols:
• Ethernet: Wired LAN communication
• Wi-Fi (802.11): Wireless network communication
IP Addressing & Subnetting

IPv4 vs. IPv6


• IPv4: 32-bit address, 4 billion addresses.
• IPv6: 128-bit address, virtually unlimited.

Subnetting
• Divides a large network into smaller sub-networks.
• Improves security and efficiency.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)


• Flexible way of defining network prefixes (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).
Wireless Networking & Wi-Fi Standards

Wireless Communication Technologies


• Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ax) - Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).
• Bluetooth - Short-range data exchange.
• Zigbee - Low-power, IoT-based communication.
• 5G Mobile Networks - High-speed, low-latency internet
Network Security & Threats

Common Threats
• Malware (Viruses, Worms, Trojans) - Malicious software.
• Phishing - Fraudulent emails to steal sensitive data.
• DDoS Attacks - Overloading servers with fake traffic.
Security Measures
• Firewalls - Controls network traffic based on security rules.
• VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) - Secures remote
connections.
• Encryption (SSL/TLS, AES) - Protects data in transit.
Cloud Computing & IoT in Networking

Cloud Computing in Networking


• Services hosted on cloud platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft
Azure.
• Examples: SaaS (Google Drive), PaaS (Heroku), IaaS (AWS EC2).
Internet of Things (IoT)
• Devices connected via the internet (smart homes, industrial
automation).
• Communication protocols: MQTT, CoAP.
Emerging Trends in Networking

• Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Centralized control of network


traffic.
• Network Function Virtualization (NFV): Virtualizing network
services.
• 6G Networks: Faster and more efficient than 5G.
• AI in Networking: Predictive analytics, automated threat detection.
Course Outcomes

By the end of this course, students will be able


to:
1. Understand the fundamentals of computer networking and its applications.
2. Explain different network topologies, models, and communication protocols.
3. Analyze network security threats and implement security measures.
4. Implement IP addressing and subnetting techniques.
5. Apply wireless communication and IoT concepts in networking.
6. Explore emerging trends like SDN, NFV, and AI in networking.
Reference

• Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach – Kurose & Ross.


• Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz Forouzan.
• Cisco Networking Academy Resources.
• Research papers on SDN, IoT, and Cloud Networking.
THANK
YOU

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