https://firstsiteguide.

com/online-business-stats/
A growing internet
population.
As of April 2022, the internet reaches
63% of the world’s population,
representing roughly 5 billion. Of this
total, 4.65 billion — over 93% — were
social media users. According to
Statista, the total amount of data
predicted to be created, captured,
copied and consumed globally in 2022
is 97 zettabytes, a number projected
to grow to 181 zettabytes by 2025.
Statistics is the science of data collection,
compilation , Tabulation And analyze
numerical data to make inferences
8
The biggest engine in the world is as tall
as a four-storey building
Configuration Turbocharged two-stroke diesel
straight engine, 6 to 14 cylinders
Bore 960 mm (38 in)
Stroke 2,500 mm (8.2 ft)
Displacement 1,828.7 litres (111,597 CI) per cylinder
Engine speed 15–102 RPM[3]

Mean effective pressure 1.96 MPa @ full load, 1.37 MPa @

maximum efficiency (85% load)
Mean piston speed 8.5 meters per second
Brake specific fuel consumption 171 g/(kW·h)[3][a]

Power Up to 5,720 kW per cylinder, 34,320–

80,080 kW (46,020–107,390 bhp) total

Torque Up to 7,603,850 N⋅m (5,608,310 lbf⋅ft) @

102 rpm

Power density 29.6–34.8 kW (39.7–46.7 bhp) per tonne,

2,300 tonnes for the 14-cylinder version

Mass of fuel injected per cylinder per cycle ~160 g (5.6 oz) @ full load(Whole engine
uses up to 250 tons of fuel per day.)
Crankshaft weight 300 t (660,000 lb)[1]
Piston weight 5.5 t (12,000 lb)
Piston height 6 m (20 ft)
13
Variabl
e

14
1. Variable (mathematics),

A symbol that represents a quantity in a

mathematical expression, as used in many
sciences

15
 2. Variable (computer Science)
A symbolic name associated with a value and
whose associated value may be changed.

16
 3. Variable ( Research)

A logical set of attributes

( individuals can be distinguished )

17
4. A variable is a symbol (e.g., x, Y, or
σ) that represents any of a
specified set of values.

18
5. Variable in Statistics

It is that factor whose values changes

from time to time, place to place

and
individual to individual.

19
Way of talking

Way of talking to mother

20
Way of talking to Father

21
Way of talking to Friends

22
Way of talking to yourself

23
Example
2

Analysis of
Face
Structure

24
Example
3

25
Example
4
Fingers Print

26
27
Fingers Prints
Lock

28
Taste

29
30
Life Style.

31
Life Style.
5 healthy habits that could add more
than a decade to your life
not smoking.
maintaining a healthy weight.
doing at least 30 minutes of moderate
exercise a day.
eating a healthy diet high in fruit,
vegetables and whole grains, and low in
red meat, saturated fats and sugar.
Maintaining five healthy habits -- eating a
healthy diet, exercising regularly, keeping a
healthy body weight, not drinking too much
-----, and not smoking -- during adulthood
may add more than a decade to life
expectancy, according to a new study led
by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health.

32
33
34
35
 Types of statistics

i. Descriptive statistics
Methods of organizing, summarizing, and
presenting data in an informative way
2. Inferential statistics

The methods used to determine something about a

population on the basis of a sample

• Population –The entire set of individuals or objects of

interest or the measurements obtained from all
individuals or objects of interest

• Sample – A portion, or part, of the population of interest

Presentation of Data
 Presentation of Data
Method by which organize , summarize and
communicate information using a verity of
tools such as a tables, graphs and diagram
 Presentation of Data

Tabular
presentation Visual
Presentation

Graphical Diagrammatical
Presentation Presentation
 “Tabulation”

It is a systematic and logical arrangement of classified data in

rows and columns.

Example -1
The following table shows the number of visitors (700)
to a park for the months January to March.

Month January February March

Number of visitors 150 300 250
Example -2
Analysis of Semester Grade Point Average Fall
semester examination Fall 2022
SGPA No. of Students %
Less than 2 54 5.2
2.00 - 2.49 100 9.6
2.50 - 2.99 155 14.9
3.00 - 3.49 250 24.1
> 3.50 320 30.9
= 4 76 7.3
Retest / Make Up Exam 77 7.4 Primary
Data
Total 1037 100
 “Tabulation”
Example -3
The variation of temperature in a region during
a year is given as follows.

Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperatur -6°C -3.5°C -2.7°C 4°C 6°C 12°C 15°C 8°C 7.9°C 6.4°C 3.1°C -2.5
e

Example -4
Graph &
Diagrams
 Presentation of Data

Graphs Diagrams
Histogram
frequency curve -Bar Diagram
Frequency - Simple bar diagram
Polygon - Multiple bar diagram
Ogives - Component bar diagram
Line graph - Pie Chart
- etc
Diagram

A Graph tells a thousand words

Simple Bar diagram
A similar bar chart consists of horizontal or vertical bars of
equal widths and lengths proportional to the values they
represent. As the basis of comparison is linear or one-
dimensional, the widths of these bars have no significance
but are taken to make the chart look attractive. The space
separating the bars should not exceed the width of the bar
and should not be less than half of its width. The bars should
neither be exceedingly long and narrow nor short and broad.
The vertical bar chart is an effective way for presenting a
time series and qualitatively classified data whereas
horizontal bars are useful for geographical or spatial
distributions. The data when do not relate to time, should be
arranged in ascending or descending order before charting.
 Analysis of SGPA S - IV EE Spring 23
25

23

20

15

10

9 9

5
5
4

0
1.00 0- 1.50 1.51 0- 1.99 2.00 - 2.49 2.50 - 2.99 3.00 - 3.49 3.50 - 3.99 4
 Analysis of Over all SGPA
350

329
300
Over all Average = 3.19

250
250
200

150
155
100
100
76
50
39
0 15
1.00 -1.50 1.51-1.99 2.00-2.49 2.50-2.99 3.00-3.49 3.50 -3.99 4
Multiple Bar diagram

A multiple bar graph is a simple extension of a

regular bar graph: It has two or more sets of
bars that allow comparison between two or
more data sets. All the data sets must have the
same categories so that they can be displayed
on the same graph.
Multiple Bar diagram

A multiple bar chart shows two or more characteristics

corresponding to the values of a common variable in the
form of grouped bars, whose lengths are proportional to
the values of the characteristics, and each of which is
shaded or colored differently to aid identification. This is a
good device for the comparison of two or three kinds or
information. For example, imports exports and productions
of a country can be compared from year to year by
grouping the three bars together.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Average-
Ship-Waiting-Time-and-Berthing-Time-Based-
on-Ship-Size-Classification-
The_fig2_333050696
Component Bar Diagram

A component bar chart is an effective technique in which

each bar is divided into two or more sections, proportional in
size to the component parts of a total being displayed by each
bar. The various component parts shown as sections of the
bar, are shaded or coloured differently to increase the overall
effectiveness of the diagram. Component bar charts are used
to represent the accumulation of the various components of
data and the percentages. They are also known as sub-divided
bars.
 Analysis of SGPA from S - I to V NA

3.50 - 3.99

3.00 - 3.49

2.50 - 2.99

2.00 - 2.49

1.00 - 1.99

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

SI S II S III IV V
 Analysis of Sgpa from S - I to V NA

10

6 6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1

0 0
1.00 - 1.99 2.00 - 2.49 2.50 - 2.99 3.00 - 3.49 3.50 - 3.99 4

SI S II S III IV V
Pie Diagrams.

A pie-diagram, also known as sector diagram, is a graphic

device consisting of a circle divided into sectors or pie-
shaped pieces whose areas are proportional to the various
parts into which the whole quantity is divided. The sectors
are shaded or coloured differently to show the relationship
of parts to the whole. It is also used when the basic
categories are not quantifiable as with expenditure,
classified into food, clothing, fuel and light, etc. the
arrangement of the sectors must be made uniform in
comparing pie charts.
 SI S II S III IV V
1.00 - 1.99 0 0 2 1 1
2.00 - 2.49 1 4 1 6 2
2.50 - 2.99 2 3 6 5 3
3.00 - 3.49 8 9 4 3 3
3.50 - 3.99 10 6 5 5 6
4 1 1 5 2 7
22 23 23 22 22

Analysis of Average Sgpa from S - I to V NA

3.38
3.27
3.14

3.18

2.93

Fall 20 Spring 21 Fall 21 Spring 22 Fall 22

 Uses of Presentation of Data
• Easy and better understanding of the subject
• Provides first hand information about data
• Helpful in future analysis
• Easy for making comparisons
• Very attractive
 To Construct a Pie Chart.

Draw a circle of any convenient radius. As a circle

consists of 360o, the whole quantity to be displayed is
equated to 360. The proportion that each component
part or category bears to the whole quantity will be the
corresponding proportion of 360o. These corresponding
proportions, i.e. angles, are calculated by the formula

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = x 360
𝑊h𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
Never be Up set in any sort of Situation..! Always Be “Up” & Set
Then See How your Life will be Settled Automatically. Keep Faith in Allah
You know “Ups” & “Down” are the Flavour of Life.
Just see your heart Beats (ECG) --/\--/\--/\--/\--/\--/\
Ups & Down Show Sign of Life.
--------------------------------------------------------------
The day it become Smoother & Straight The Life End..!
May Almighty ALLAH Always Give you Success & Happiness in the Life ..! Ameen
 Principles Presentation
• Data should be presented in simple form

• Arose interest in reader

• Should be concise but without losing important details

• Facilitate further statistical analysis

• Define problem and Should suggest its solution

 “Significance of Tabulation”
• Simplifies complex data

• Unnecessary details and repetitions of data avoided in tabulation

• Facilitates comparison

• Gives identity to data

• Reveals pattern with in the figures which cannot be seen in the

narrative form
• A number should be assigned to the table ( Table No.)

• A title should be given to the table , it should be concise and self

explanatory

• Contents of the table should be defined clearly

• Subtitles should be properly mentioned with columns and rows

• Group intervals in columns and rows should neither be too

narrow nor too wide. They should also be mutually exclusive

• Unit of measurement must be mentioned clearly where ever

necessary
• Any short forms /symbols , if used should be explained in the
footnote

• No place should be left in the body of tables

• There should be logical arrangement of data in the table

 “Advantages ”
• They are attractive

• They give a bird’s eye-view of the data

• They can be easily understood by common men

• They facilitate comparison of various characteristics

• The impression created by them are long lasting

• Theorems and results of statistics can be visualized using graphs

“Difference between Graphs and diagrams ”

• To construct a graph, graph paper is generally used whereas a

diagram is constructed on a plain paper.

• A graph represents mathematical relationship between two

variables where as a diagram does not.

• Graphs are more appropriate than diagrams to represent frequency

distributions and time series. Diagrams are not at all used for
representing frequency distributions.
 “Difference between Graphs and Diagrams ”

• Diagrams are more attractive to the eyes and as such are better
suited for publicity and propaganda.

• Diagrams do not add anything to the meaning of the data and

hence
they are not helpful in analysis of data.

• Graphs are very much used by the statisticians and the research
workers in their analysis.
Why is data visualization important?

As previously mentioned, we are living in the

age of ‘big data’
Data visualization is your map to understanding
information and gives you clear directions on where to go
next.
data visualization has 5 additional benefits:
1. Amplifies your message

• Your message is amplified in a few different ways. First of all, by

taking the time to create data visualizations, you show your audience
that you’ve done your homework. That alone gives a sense of
credibility to your content.

• Without visualizations, you run the risk of your audience not

understanding what you are trying to present. Your data might even
be received as meaningless and your entire message lost.
2. Gives meaning to your data

• Visualizations communicate valuable insights by creating visual

representations of your data.
• For example, an Excel spreadsheet showing that Microsoft’s sales
revenue has almost doubled between 2011 and 2018 isn’t nearly as
effective as graphic that data in a simple column with some
formatting.
 Diagrams
furnish only approximate information on the problem
under study.
There are different types of diagrams
• Simple bar diagram
• Multiple bar diagram
• Component bar diagram
• Pie Chart
• etc
• Simple bar diagram
A bar chart or bar graph is a way of showing information
by the lengths of a set of data. The bars are drawn
horizontally or vertically. If the bars are drawn vertically,
then the graph can be called a column graph or a block
graph.
Analysis of result of undergraduate students
Fall 2022
Following data is showing semester grade point average
SGPA the result of students. Fall semester examination
fall 20 represent the data by the help of simple bar diagram
and comments on the results.
Data
Message of the day

If you Carry Your Problems on Your HEAD, They Will Crush You,
But if You Put Them Under Your Feet, They Will Serve Like Stairs And
Help You To Rise Till SUCCESS

Thank You

Have a Nice Day