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Lecture 7_Graphical method numerical and intro to algbraic method

The document discusses various linear programming (LP) problems, including maximization and minimization scenarios, and methods for solving them such as the corner point and isoprofit line methods. It provides specific examples involving production optimization for radios and dietary constraints for a sick person, along with algebraic methods for formulating LP problems. Additionally, it explains the use of slack and surplus variables to convert inequalities into equations for standard form solutions.

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nuur ali
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3 views

Lecture 7_Graphical method numerical and intro to algbraic method

The document discusses various linear programming (LP) problems, including maximization and minimization scenarios, and methods for solving them such as the corner point and isoprofit line methods. It provides specific examples involving production optimization for radios and dietary constraints for a sick person, along with algebraic methods for formulating LP problems. Additionally, it explains the use of slack and surplus variables to convert inequalities into equations for standard form solutions.

Uploaded by

nuur ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Optimization (ME F344 and ME F

Department of Mechanical
Engineering
BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa campus
Instructor in charge: Dr. Biswajit Das

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


BITS Pilani Goa campus
Doubt

Can the LP Model with multiple solution can be solved by both corner point method
and isoprofit line method?

Ans: It can be solved by both the method:

(a) In corner point method, if you have same value of objective function at two
corner points then you can conclude the LP model has multiple solutions.

(b) In Iso-profit line method, if the slope of one of constraint is same as the slope of
the objective function then multiple solution exists.

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


Maximization problem
The ABC company has been a producer of picture tubes for television sets and
certain printed circuits for radios. The company has just expanded into full scale
production and marketing of AM and AM-FM radios. It has built a new plant
that can operate 48 hours per week. Production of an AM radio in the new plant
will require 2 hours and production of an AM-FM radio will require 3 hours.
Each AM radio will contribute Rs 40 to profits while AM-FM radio will
contribute Rs 80 to profits. The marketing department, after extensive research
has determined that a maximum of 15 AM radios and 10 AM-FM radios can be
sold each week.

(a) Formulate an LP model to determine the optimum production mix of AM


and FM radios that will maximize profit.

(b) Solve the problem usinf the graphical method.

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Minimization problem
A diet for sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of
minerals and 1400 units of calories. Two foods A and B are available at a cost of
Rs. 4 and Rs. 3 per unit, respectively. If one of A contains 200 units of vitamins, 1
unit of mineral and 40 calories and one unit of food B contains 100 units of
vitamins, 2 units of minerals and 40 calories. Formulate the LP problem and
solve it by graphical method to find the combination of foods to be used to have
least cost.

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Mixed constraints LP problem
A firm plans to purchase at least 200 quintals of scrap containing high quality
metal X and low quality metal Y. It decides that the scrap to be purchased must
contain at least 100 quintals of metal X and not more than 35 quintals of metal Y.
The firm can purchase the scrap from two suppliers (A and B) in unlimited
quantities. The percentage of X and Y metals in terms of weight in the scrap
supplied by A and B is given below.
Metals Supplier A Supplier B

X 25% 75%

Y 10% 20%

The price of A’s scrap is Rs 200 per quintal and that of B is Rs 400 per quintal.
The firm wants to determine the quantities that it should buy from the two
suppliers so that the total cost is minimized.
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Algebraic method

Algebraic Solution of LPPs


To solve an LPP algebraically, we first arrange it in the
standard form. That is all the variables are nonnegative and
all constraints (other than the non-negativity restrictions)
are equations with nonnegative RHS.

Standard algebraic form of LPP


• Change all constraints to equations with non negative
RHS.

• All variables should be non negative.


Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Algebraic method

Changing inequalities into equations (using SLACK and


SURPLUS variables)

SLACK VARIABLE: A slack variable is used to change a (  )


inequality to equation.

SURPLUS VARIABLE: A surplus variable to change a (≥) inequality to


equation.

Note : the slack and surplus variables are always non-negative

If the RHS of the equation is negative then multiply both sides of the
equation by -1.

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


Algebraic method

Example 1:

Write the following LPP in the standard form:


Maximize z = x1 + x2
subject to
x1 + 2x2  6 --- (1)

2x1 + x2 ≥ 16 --- (2)


x1 , x2 ≥ 0

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Algebraic method

Example 2
Write the following Linear programming problem in
the standard form:

Min z = 3x1 + x2 – x3

Subject to
2x1 – x2+x3  6

x1 + 3x2 -7x3 ≥ -16

x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≤ 0

Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey


Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey
Dr. Manoj Kumar Pandey

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