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Key Concepts of OOP - 104043

The document provides an introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), outlining key concepts such as classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It emphasizes the advantages of OOP, including modularity, flexibility, and maintainability, while highlighting the importance of understanding these principles for modern software development. The presentation concludes by inviting questions from the audience.

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16 views21 pages

Key Concepts of OOP - 104043

The document provides an introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), outlining key concepts such as classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It emphasizes the advantages of OOP, including modularity, flexibility, and maintainability, while highlighting the importance of understanding these principles for modern software development. The presentation concludes by inviting questions from the audience.

Uploaded by

calvinmaponde23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Key Concepts and Real-World Applications

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/202 1


5
Presenters
• KUMBIRAI CHIRISA
• ARCHLOVE NYIKA
• TINEVIMBO MUTIZWA
• ANGELA NHAWU
• TALENT ZIMHUNGA

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 2


Overview of OOP
Definition
• OOP is a programming paradigm centered around
"objects," which contain data and code.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 3


Key Principles
• Classes
• Objects
• Constructors
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Abstraction
OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 4
Classes and Objects
Class
• A blueprint for creating objects.
• Defines properties and behaviors.
Key Characteristics of Classes
• Attributes: Characteristics that define the class.
• Methods: Functions that define behaviors.
• An instance of a class: Holds specific data defined by attributes.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 5


Key Characteristics of Objects

• State: Holds values of attributes.


• Behavior: Defined by methods.
• Identity: Unique instance of a class.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 6


Objects

04/14/2025 7
Constructors

• Special methods used to initialize objects upon creation.


Key Points
• Method Name: Same as the class (e.g., `__init__()` in
Python).
• Purpose: Set initial values for attributes.
• Parameters: Accept values during object creation.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 8


Implementation

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 9


Advantages of Using Classes
and Objects
• Modularity: Breaks down complex systems into
manageable parts.
• Abstraction: Hides complexity, exposing only necessary
functions.
• Flexibility and Scalability: Easily extend and modify
systems.
• Maintainability: Simplifies updates and maintenance.
OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 10
Inheritance
• Allows one class to inherit attributes and methods from
another.
• Promotes code reusability.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 11


Implementation

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 12


Polymorphism

• Allows methods to perform differently based on the object.


• Enables flexibility in the code.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 13


Implementation

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 14


Abstraction
• Hiding complex realities while exposing essential parts.
Abstract Classes
• Define methods required in child classes.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 15


Implementation

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 16


Encapsulation
Definition
• Bundling of data and methods within a class.
Purpose
• Restricts direct access to some components.
• Prevents unintended interference.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 17


Implementation

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 18


Employee management
system

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 19


Conclusion
Summary
• OOP provides a structured approach to programming.
• Key principles enhance code organization, reusability, and
maintainability.
Final Thoughts
• Understanding OOP is crucial for modern software
development.
OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 20
Questions?
• Invite questions from the audience.

OOP Key Concepts 04/14/2025 21

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