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Computing Final Project Grade 8

The document outlines various software systems, including operating systems, applications, websites, databases, and cloud storage. It explains the differences between high-level and low-level programming languages, the fetch-execute cycle of CPUs, and introduces machine learning as a subset of AI. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computerization, highlighting its impact on speed, accuracy, efficiency, and job displacement.

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mohammadshath912
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22 views8 pages

Computing Final Project Grade 8

The document outlines various software systems, including operating systems, applications, websites, databases, and cloud storage. It explains the differences between high-level and low-level programming languages, the fetch-execute cycle of CPUs, and introduces machine learning as a subset of AI. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computerization, highlighting its impact on speed, accuracy, efficiency, and job displacement.

Uploaded by

mohammadshath912
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computing final project

By Mohammad Shath
Software systems
•Operating Systems (like Windows or macOS): They help the computer run.
Think of them like the boss of the computer, telling it what to do.

•Apps (like games or videos): These are the programs you use on your phone
or computer, like a game or a drawing app.

•Websites: These are programs that run on the internet. When you visit a
website, it’s like opening a page with information or games.

•Databases: This is where all your data (like photos or contact info) is stored,
kind of like a big digital filing cabinet.

•Cloud: This is like a magic storage space on the internet where you can save
things and get them anywhere, like photos or files!
High level language and low level
language
• High-Level Languages:
• Designed to be easy for humans to read and write.
• They are closer to human language (like English).
• Examples include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript.
• They are platform-independent (you can write the code once and run it on many
different systems with the help of interpreters or compilers).
• Advantages:
• Easier to learn and understand.
• Easier to debug and maintain.
• More productive for programmers
Low-Level Languages
•Closer to machine code, which is directly executed by the computer.
•Divided into two types:
•Machine code (binary – 0s and 1s).
•Assembly language (uses short codes or mnemonics like MOV, ADD, etc.).
•Hardware-specific – you write for a specific processor or device.
•Advantages:
•Faster execution.
•More control over hardware.
•Useful in embedded systems or performance-critical applications.
fetch-execute cycle
• Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle
• This is the basic process that a CPU (Central Processing Unit) follows to run a program:
• 1. Fetch:
• The CPU fetches (gets) the next instruction from main memory (RAM).
• The Program Counter (PC) keeps track of where to fetch the next instruction from.
• 2. Decode:
• The Control Unit inside the CPU decodes the instruction.
• This means it figures out what the instruction means (e.g., is it an addition, a jump, a data move).
• 3. Execute:
• The CPU executes the instruction.
• This could involve doing a calculation, moving data, or changing the flow of the program.
• After execution, the PC is updated to point to the next instruction.
Machine Learning
• Machine Learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that allows
computers to learn from data. This means that instead of following a list of
exact instructions, the computer looks at examples and learns how to do
the task on its own. It can then make decisions or predictions based on
what it has learned.
• For example:
• If you show a machine learning system lots of photos of cats and dogs, it
will learn to tell them apart.
• Later, when it sees a new photo, it can predict whether it’s a cat or a dog
— even if no one told it the exact rules.
Computerisation
• Advantages of Computerisation:

• Advantage Explanation
• Speed Computers can do tasks much faster than humans.
• Accuracy Fewer mistakes – calculations and data handling are more reliable.
• Efficiency saves time, effort, and money in the long run.
• Storage Huge amounts of information can be stored digitally and accessed easily.
• Automation: Repetitive tasks can be done automatically (e.g., sending invoices, checking
stock).
• Better Communication: Emails, instant messages, and video calls make it easier to connect.
• 24/7 Availability Computers and systems can work all the time without getting tired.
• Disadvantages of Computerisation:
• Disadvantage Explanation
• Job Losses: Some jobs may be replaced by machines or software.
• High Cost Setting up computer systems can be expensive.
• Training Needed Staff must learn how to use new systems, which
takes time and effort.
• Technical Problems: Computers can crash or have bugs, causing
delays.
• Security Risks: Digital data can be hacked or lost if not properly
protected.
• Less Human Interaction Too much reliance on machines can reduce
face-to-face contact.

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