TOURISM POLICY

PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT
 PLANNING MODELS

National Tourism Models

1. Rational Planning Models - “synoptic

planning” or comprehensive planning. One of
the most popular planning approaches used in
urban planning.
2. TRREC “VICE” PLANNING MODEL - Tourism
Recreation Research and Education Center
(TRREC). Emphasizes on the interests of visitors,
industry, communities and environment.

3. TARGET SETTING METHOD - Indicates future

target for tourist arrivals. • Targets can be set
based on local or national figures, indicated by
current tourism development plan.
4. ECO TOURISM PLAN - Data from the site
assessment will become their input for ecotourism
plan.

5. Visitor Site Planning - consider the ff: •

Capacity – limits based on site • Slope – steep
slopes to be avoided • Vegetation • Wildlife –
preserves and conserves • Views • Natural
hazards • Water • Visitor circulation
 Tourism Planning Process
1. Study preparation – usually a statutory body to
develop a tourism plan initiate to undertake.
2. Determination of development goals – main
objective not just part of the objective.
3. Surveys - inventory of all existing tourism
resources are surveyed together with the state of
development with the elements. Collection of data
on the supply & demand for tourism, structure of
local tourism economy, investment & finance
available for future development.
 Tourism Planning Process
4. Analysis & Synthesis – The data collected in the previous stage
are analyzed & incorporated as data when formulating a plan.
Four principal techniques are frequently used: asset evaluation,
market analysis, development planning, and impact analysis,
especially economic impact analysis, such as input-output
analysis, multiplier analysis, tourism forecasting.
5. Policy & Plan formulation – the data gathered in the previous
stage are used to establish the various options or development
scenarios available for tourism. This frequently involves drafting
of a development plan with tourism policy options with certain
goals identified. 3 main elements evident in most tourism
policies, visitor satisfaction, environmental protection, ensuring
adequate rewards exist for developers & investors.
 Tourism Planning Process
6. Recommendations –The full tourism plan will be prepared &
forwarded to the planning committee of the agency responsible for
the process . A period of public consultation is normally undertake
and a draft plan is available for public consultation so both the
general public & tourism interest can read and comment on it. A
number of public hearings may also be provided to gauge the
strength of local feeling towards the plan. Once this procedure is
complete, the plan will be aprroved planning authoirty and the
final plan is then produced.

7. Implementation – The plan is put into action. This is normally

seen as an ongoing process by the planning team. In some
instances, legislation may be required to control certain aspects of
development which will need to be implemented as part of the
plan. Action plans
 Tourism Planning Process
8. Monitoring – An ongoing process where the planning
agency assess if the objectives of the plans are being
met. The operational time frame for a tourism plan
normally five years after which time it is reviewed.
Periodic review is needed is to make sure no failures will
occur or at least be minimize. Reasons of the plan not to
be achieve during the progress may relate to change in
political complexion amongst elected members of the
planning committee, change in the private or public
sectors degree of consensus, problems with tourist
facilities and service supply, residents change of attitude
Tourism planning is a complex process taking into account
the various aspects as well as the segments of the
tourism. Proper planning of the physical, legal,
promotional, financial, economic, market, management,
social and environmental aspects can help tourism
develop in a beneficial way. We must remember here that
tourism, today, is an economic activity and at many
destinations the only source of livelihood of the people.
Everyone has a stake in it – be it the government, service
providers or the host population. Then why not acquaint
all with good planning which defines the desired results
and works in a systematic manner to achieve success. Let
us understand what are the steps involved in the planning
process that will work in a logical sequence:
a. DEFINE THE SYSTEM: What is the scale, size,
market, character and purpose?
b. FORMULATE OBJECTIVES: Without a set of
objectives the development concept has no direction.
The objectives must be comprehensive and specific
and should include a timetable for completion.
c. DATA GATHERING: Fact finding, or research,
provides basic data that are essential to developing
the plan. Examples of data gathering are preparing a
fac t book, making market surveys, undertaking site
and infrastructure surveys and analysing existing
facilities and competition.
d. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: Once collected, the many
fragments of information must be interpreted so that the facts
gathered will have meaning. From this step results a set of
conclusions and recommendations that leads to making or
conceptualizing a preliminary plan.

e. PRELIMINARY PLANNING: Based on the previous steps,

alternatives are considered and alternative physical solutions
are drawn up and tested. Frequently, scale models are
developed to illustrate the land use plans; sketches are
prepared to show the image the development will project;
financial plans are drafted from the market information, site
surveys and layout plan to show the investment needed in
each phase of the project, the cash flow expected, the legal
requirements, etc.
f. APPROVING THE PLAN: The parties involved can now look at plans,
drawings, scale models, estimates of costs, estimates of profits and know
what will be involved and what the chances for success or failure would be.
While a great deal of money may have been spent upto this point, the sum
is a relatively small amount compared to the expenditures that will be
required once the plan is approved and its implementation begins.
g. FINAL PLAN: This phase typically includes a definition of the various
aspects covered. For example, in the case of a destination a definition of
land use; plans for infrastructure facilities such as roads; airports; bike
paths; horse trails; pedestrian walkways; sewage; water and utilities;
architectural standards; landscape plans, zoning and other land use
regulations; economic analysis, market analysis and financial programming
are to be covered.
h. IMPLEMENTATION: Implementation is operationalising the tourism plan.
It also follows up, monitors and evaluates. Good planning provides
mechanisms that give continuing feedback on the tourism project and the
levels of consumer satisfaction reached.
 Tourism Planning Approach
• Continuous, incremental, & flexible approach –
continuous process with adjustments made as
needed based on monitoring & feedback but
within the basic objectives & policies of tourism
development.

• Systems approach – viewed as interrelated

system & should be planned such, utilizing
system analysis techniques.
 Tourism Planning Approach
• Comprehensive approach – related to system
approach, all aspects of tourism development
including its institutional elements &
environment & socioeconomic implications are
analyzed & planned comprehensively.

• Environmental & sustainable approach –

tourism is planned, developed, & managed in
such a manner that its natural & cultural
resources are not depleted. Carrying capacity
analysis is an important technique.
 Tourism Planning Approach
• Community approach – There is
maximum involvement of the local
community in the planning & decision-
making in tourism development.
• Implementable approach – policy, plan,
& recommendations are formulated to
be realistic & implementable
 Visit the Pinagbanderahan and Bantakay Falls in
Atimonan, Quezon
• Make a written report of the most popular mountain
and water falls in the Philippines in the 60’s and 70’s.
• Does this tourist destination culturally sensitive for
the Atimonanin?
• Does the municipality able to sustain the place
ecologically?
• Does the falls has the potential to get a foreign
markets? Why?
• If you are a part of the tourism planner of this place.
How would you develop and sustain the natural
beauty of the place?