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Functions and Formulas

The document provides an overview of Microsoft Excel, focusing on creating formulas, cell referencing, and functions. It explains the structure of formulas, types of operators, and the difference between relative and absolute referencing. Additionally, it covers various functions, including statistical functions and error values, along with practical classwork exercises for creating employee and student lists.

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okechukwu ononikpo
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13 views29 pages

Functions and Formulas

The document provides an overview of Microsoft Excel, focusing on creating formulas, cell referencing, and functions. It explains the structure of formulas, types of operators, and the difference between relative and absolute referencing. Additionally, it covers various functions, including statistical functions and error values, along with practical classwork exercises for creating employee and student lists.

Uploaded by

okechukwu ononikpo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSWORK

• Create a list of 10 employees with


Name, Surname, Department as
column headers.
• In the next column, add a monthly
salary to each of the employees.
MICROSOFT EXCEL

FORMULAS
WHAT ARE FORMULAS?
• Set of symbols and values that perform
calculations and produce results.
• All Excel formulas have the same structure:
equal to sign(=) with an operand and
operator. Eg:
=B1+C4,
=5+4
WHAT ARE OPERANDS?
• This is data Excel uses in calculations.
• Also depicts cell addresses used in
calculations. Eg
–Cell Address : B1, C5, D12, F9
–Cell Range : B1:C6, A1:F9
WHAT ARE OPERATORS?
• This is a symbol that used on the
operands mathematically.
• TYPES OF OPERATORS:
1. Arithmetic Operators: +, - , *, / .
2. Comparison Operators: =, <, >.
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE
PARENTHESIS ()
NEGATION -
PERCENTAGE %
EXPONENTIAL ^
MULTIPLICATION *
DIVISION /
ADDITION, SUBTRACTION +, -
COMPARISON =, < , >
How to build a formula

1. Click in the cell in which you want to


build the formula.
2. Type = 2
3. Type or click an operand.
1
4. Type an operator.
5. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to add other
operands and operators to your
formula.

6. Click or press ENTER


3

4
MICROSOFT EXCEL
CELL REFERENCING
CELL
REFERENCING
This refers to a cell or
range of cells on a
worksheet that can be
used in a formula.
CELL
REFERENCING
The 2 types of cell references are :
 Relative
 Absolute
RELATIVE
REFERENCING
A relative reference is an address
that keeps the source to the
destination cells. Example:
=A2+A4
ABSOLUTE
REFERENCING
Absolute reference in excel is used to fix the
position of the selected cell in any formula
so that its value will not be changed when
changing the cell or copying the formula to
other cells or sheets. Example:
= $A$2 + $A$4
ABSOLUTE CELL REFERNCING
1. Double-click the cell that contains the formula you want to edit.

2. Select the cell reference you want to change.

3. Press F4

4. press .ENTER
BONUS: NAMING A GROUP OF CELLS (DEFINE NAME)
TYPE THE NAME YOU WISH TO USE.
SELECT THE RANGE OF CELLS. (SPACES ARE NOT ALLOWED)

CLICK THE TAB .

IN THE DEFINE NAMES


GROUP, CLICK THE
DROPDOWN ARROW

SELECT THE DEFINE NAME OPTION

THEN CLICK OK.


MICROSOFT EXCEL
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION
• This is a predefined formula that is
used for specific values in a
particular order.
• Function is used for quick tasks like
finding the sum, count, average and
minimum values for a range of cells.
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION USAGE

Counts the number of


COUNT cells in a range of =COUNT(E4:E8)
cells.

Returns the number


LEN of characters in a =LEN(B7)
string text.
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION USAGE
Adds all the values in a range of
cells that meet a specified
criteria. =SUMIF(D4:D8,”>=10
SUMIF =SUMIF(range,criteria, 00″,C4:C8)
[sum_range])

Calculates the average value in a


range of cells that meet the
specified criteria. =AVERAGEIF(F4:F8,”Y
AVERAGEIF =AVERAGEIF(range,criteria, es”,E4:E8)
[average_range])
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION USAGE
Returns the number of
days between two
DAYS dates.
=DAYS(D4,C4)

Returns the current


NOW system date and time. =NOW()
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
PI( ) Returns the value Pi

PRODUCT(num1,…,numX) Multiplies the specified numbers

RAND( ) Returns a random number between 0


and 1
ROUND(number,digits) Rounds number to a specified number
of digits
SQRT(number) Returns the positive square root of
number
STATISTICAL FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

AVERAGE(number1,number2,...)
Returns the average of the
arguments

MAX(number1,number2,...)
Returns the maximum value of the
arguments
MEDIAN(number1,number2,...)
Returns the median value of the
arguments

MODE(number1,number2,...)
Returns the most common value of
the arguments
VLOOKUP function
The VLOOKUP function is used to
perform a vertical look up in the left
most column and return a value in the
same row from a column that you
specify.
VLOOKUP takes 4 parameters:
lookup_value The value to look for in the first
column of a table.

table_array The table from which to retrieve a


value.
column_index_ The columns in the table from which
num to retrieve a value.

[range_lookup]) TRUE = approximate match (default).


FALSE = exact match.
ADD A FUNCTION TO a formula
1. Click in the cell in which you want to 4
build the formula.
2. Type =
3. Type any operands and operators
you need before adding the function. 2
1

6 4. Click the Insert Function button ().

7 5. The Insert Function dialog box appears.


6. Click and then click the category that contains
the function you want to use.
7. Select a Function.
8. Click OK.
8 5
Standard Error Values
ERROR DESCRIPTION
Your formula is dividing by 0. Check the divisor input cells for values that are
#DIV/0 either 0 or blank.
Your formula could not return a legitimate result. Check that your function
#N/A arguments are appropriate for each function.

Your formula uses a name that Excel does not recognize. Check your range names
#NAME? and function names.
Your formula uses a number inappropriately. Check the arguments for your
#NUM! mathematical functions to make sure they use the correct types of numbers.

Your formula contains an invalid cell reference. This usually occurs when you
#REF# delete a cell referenced by a formula. Adjust the formula to use a different cell.

Your formula uses an inappropriate value in a function argument. Check your


#VALUE! function arguments to make sure they use the correct data type.
CLASSWORK
• Create a list of 10 students
showing Name, Surname,
scores, TRT, final scores as
column headers.
The
VERY
END

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