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Chapter 1

The document discusses the significance of work study in industrial engineering, emphasizing its role in optimizing resource utilization and improving productivity through systematic analysis of work methods and time measurement. It outlines the historical development of work study, highlighting key contributors and the evolution of techniques such as time and method studies. Additionally, it addresses the prerequisites for effective implementation of work study, stressing the importance of management-worker relations and communication.

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8 views12 pages

Chapter 1

The document discusses the significance of work study in industrial engineering, emphasizing its role in optimizing resource utilization and improving productivity through systematic analysis of work methods and time measurement. It outlines the historical development of work study, highlighting key contributors and the evolution of techniques such as time and method studies. Additionally, it addresses the prerequisites for effective implementation of work study, stressing the importance of management-worker relations and communication.

Uploaded by

biniyam markos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WORK STUDY AND DESIGN

IEng308

CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION

By: Assefa Misgun


Industrial Engineering and Work Study
 Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement
and installation of integrated systems of people, materials,
equipment and energy.
 Work study is the investigation, by means of a consistent system of
the work done in an organization in order to attain the best utilization
of resources i.e. Material, Machine, Men and Money.
 All the technologies and management systems are related with
productivity.
 Work study is one of the basic techniques of improving productivity.
 In order to resolve this aspect, work study aims:
 To analyze the work in order to achieve work simplification and
thereby improving productivity of the system.
 To have optimum utilization of resources i.e. 4Ms.
 To evaluate the work content through work measurement.
 To set time standards for various jobs
Cont…

 Design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of


people, materials, equipment and energy in efficient and effective
manner need the knowledg of work study, work measurement and
standardization.
 In nutshell work study is mainly concerned with the examination of
human work.
 In fact planning is not possible unless one knows how long it will
take to do a particular job.
 Thus time is very important to the manufacturer who must keep to
promise, to estimate quantities and to other industrial and business
arrangements o organizations
Historical perspective
 Work study is not a new concept - Since the beginning of human
race, there had always been a tendency to bring certain
improvements in their activities.
 Work study is as old as industry itself.
 It is essential a ruthlessly analytical and inquisitive approach to the
use of manpower, material and equipment coupled with a desire
to apply the facts from such inquiry to improve existing methods
by the elimination of waste in every form.
 Such an attitude of mind has always been a prerequisite of
industrial progress, but the techniques of work study now
developed can make a notable contribution to success.
 Numerous early pioneers who contributed to the emergence and
development of work study are: Frank B. Gilbreth, Fredrick W.
Taylor, Beduax, Henry L. Gantt, Harrington Emerson, Halsey,
Rawan and others.
Conti…

 The history of work study is not long but has been full of
controversy.
 Time study, one of the components of work study, was developed
in about 1880.
 Fredrick W. Taylor is said to be the first user of the stop watch to
measure work content.
 His purpose was to define "a fair day's work".
 In about 1900, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth started working with
method study, another component of work study.
 Their goal was to find the one best method.
 During 1928, Elton Mayo started the human relations
movement.
 By accident, he discovered that people work better when their
attitude is better.
Definition and Concept of Work Study
 Work study is one of the most important management
techniques which is employed to improve the activities in the
production.
 The main objective of work study is to assist the
management in the optimum use of resources of the
industry to improve productivity.
 Work study is simply the study of work.
 It is based on work analysis and creative thinking.
 It examines both the method and duration of work
involved in a process.
 Work study is primarily concerned with discovering the
best ways of doing jobs and with establishing
standards based on such methods.
 It is a great tool in the hands of management to solve a
number of managerial problems Management always tries to
eliminate waste (waste or capital, maternal, labor,
supervision effort etc.) and to make better use of resources.
Conti…

 Work study is defined as the analysis of the methods, materials,


tools and equipment used or to be used in the performance of a
piece of work.
 This analysis is carried out with a view to:
1. Find out the most economical way of doing an
activity/Developing the preferred method. -- Work methods
design.
2. Standardize the methods developed in the process.
3. Determine accurately the time required by a qualified and
trained worker at a normal pace/Determining the time
standards --Work measurement.
4. Assist in planning and training programs for the workers
for the new methods.

Hence, work study has two broad components


5. Method study/Methods engineering/Motion study/Work
methods and it answers --How a job should be done?
6. Work Measurement / Time study which answers – How
much time a job should take for completion?
Work Study

Method Study Work Measurement


It is related with the study of
It is related with
methods of work for a job to
design effective and efficient measurement of work
work system in order to required for a job, to arrive
achieve process at the best method of
improvements, improved work, improved planning
layout, better working
and control.
environment and reduced
fatigue.

Definition:
work study is defined as a technique involving method study and
work measurement, which leads to a systematic investigation of
all the factors, which affect the efficiency and economy and the
situation being reviewed in order to effect improvement.
Labor has always been a major factor in the cost of a
product.
As labor productivity improves, costs go down, wages
go up, and profits go up.
Industrial technology's objective and purpose for being is to
increase productivity and quality.
Output per labor hour is the most commonly used
measurement of productivity.
Work study techniques give management the tools to
measure and improve productivity.
Work study is one of the most important management
techniques which is employed to improve the activities in
the production.
The main objective of work study is to assist the
management in the optimum use of resources of the
industry to improve productivity.
Work study is simply the study of work. It is based on work
analysis and creative thinking. It examines both the method
and duration of work involved in a process.
Objectives of Work Study Advantages of work
 Standardization and improvement
study:
of the working process.
 Uniform and improved
 Less fatigue to operators and
workers. production flow.
 Better product quality.  Higher productive
 Effective utilization of man, efficiency.
machine and material.  Reduced
 Increased efficiency.
 To determine the time required to
manufacturing costs.
do a job; Thus it helps to choose  Faster and accurate
the fastest method. delivery dates.
 To decide the required man power
 Better service to
to do a job.
 To decide realistic labor customers.
budgeting.  Job security and job
 Effective labor control. satisfaction to workers.
 To aid in calculating exact
 Better working
delivery time.
 To pay fair wages. conditions.
Pre-requisites of conducting work study:
 Work study is not a substitute for good management and never
can be.
 It is one of the tools used by the management.
 One can use it to analyze the industrial problems in the lost
scientific way.
 Work study itself will not make bad industrial relations good,
although wisely applied it may often improve them.
 Experience shows that the application of work study in an
industry can bring improvements of productivity provided
that relations between management and workers are
reasonably good.
 The workers must have confidence in the sincerity of the
management towards them.
 Before carrying out work study to any change in the system, the
workers must be taken into confidence.
 They should not feel that they are kept in dark.
 If the workers have confidence in the integrity of management,
they will not offer resistance to implement changes.
Conti…

Work study is not a theoretical concept but


essentially a practical one and deals with human
beings who have their own attitude and style of
working.
So, the success of work study is dependent up on
the relations between the employees and the
management.
Work study involves a lot of changes in various
working methods.
Since the manpower in general does not like
changes but prefers to continue as already doing,
so there will always be a tendency to resist any
modification or new method suggested by work
study people.
So, for successful improvement of productivity

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