Unit -3

virtualization infrastructure
and
Docker
Desktop Virtualization
• Desktop virtualization is technology that lets users simulate a
workstation load to access a desktop from a connected device.
• Desktop virtualization is a key element of digital
workspaces and depends on application virtualization.
How does desktop virtualization work?
• Desktop virtualization can be achieved in a variety of ways, but the
two most important types are
• based on whether the operating system instance is local or remote.
Local desktop virtualization
• means the operating system runs on a client device
• using hardware virtualization, and all processing and workloads occur on local
hardware.
• users do not need a continuous network connection and can meet application
computing requirements with local system resources.
Remote desktop virtualization
• It is a common use of virtualization that operates in a server computing
environment.
• This allows users to run operating systems and applications from a server inside a
datacenter.
• gives IT more centralized control
• can maximize an organization’s investment
What are the types of Desktop Virtualization?
The three most popular types of desktop virtualization are
1.Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI),
2.Remote desktop services (RDS)
Benefits of desktop
virtualization
• Simpler administration
• Cost savings
• Improved productivity
• Support for a broad variety of device types
• Stronger security
• Better end-user experiences
Network Virtualization
• Network Virtualization is a process of logically grouping physical
networks and making them operate as single or multiple independent
networks called Virtual Networks.
• Tools for Network Virtualization :
1. Physical switch OS –
• It is where the OS must have the functionality of network virtualization.
2. Hypervisor –
• It is which uses third-party software or built-in networking and the
functionalities of network virtualization
Network Virtualization in Virtual Data Center :
1. Physical Network
• Physical components: Network adapters, switches, bridges, repeaters, routers and hubs.
• Grants connectivity among physical servers running a hypervisor, between physical
servers and storage systems and between physical servers and clients.
2. VM Network
• Consists of virtual switches.
• Provides connectivity to hypervisor kernel.
• Connects to the physical network.
• Resides inside
There are two types of Network Virtualizations in cloud computing:
•Internal Network Virtualization : extends network-like functionality to a single system.
•External Network Virtualization : Combines multiple networks or its individual parts into a
single virtual unit.
Examples of Network Virtualization :
•Virtual LAN (VLAN) –
• The performance and speed of busy networks can be improved by VLAN.
• VLAN can simplify add
Applications of Network
Virtualization :
• Network virtualization may be used in the development of application testing to
mimic real-world hardware and system software.
• It helps us to integrate several physical networks into a single network or separate
single
physical networks into multiple analytical networks.
• In the field of application performance engineering, network virtualization allows the
• simulation of connections between applications, services, dependencies, and end-
users for software testing.
• It helps us to deploy applications in a quicker time frame, thereby supporting a faster
go-to-market.
• helps the software testing teams to derive actual results
Storage virtualization
• Storage virtualization is the pooling of physical storage from multiple
storage devices into what appears to be a single storage device -- or pool
of available storage capacity.
• A central console manages the storage.
• There are two basic methods of virtualizing storage: file-based or
block-based.
• File-based storage virtualization is a specific use, applied to network-
attached storage (NAS)
• The block-based operation enables the virtualization management
software to collect the capacity of the available blocks of storage across
all virtualized arrays.
Advantages of Storage
Virtualization
1. Data is stored in the more convenient locations away from the
specific host. In the case of a host failure, the data is not compromised
necessarily.
2. The storage devices can perform advanced functions like replication,
reduplication, and disaster recovery functionality.
3. By doing abstraction of the storage level, IT operations become more
flexible in how storage is provided, partitioned, and protected.
APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION

• The main goal of application virtualization is to ensure that cloud users have remote
access to applications from a server. The server contains all the information and features
needed for the
• application to run and can be accessed over the internet.
• How does application virtualization work?
• The most common way to virtualize applications is the server-based approach.
• This means an IT administrator implements remote applications on a server inside an
organization’s datacenter or via a hosting service.
• The user can then access and use the application as though it were locally installed on
their machine, and the user’s actions are conveyed back to the server to be executed.
• Application virtualization is an important part of digital workspaces and desktop
virtualization.
System-level of Operating
Virtualization
• With the help of OS virtualization nothing is pre-installed or
permanently loaded on the local device and no-hard disk is needed.
• Everything runs from the network using a kind of virtual disk.
• This virtual disk is actually a disk image file stored on a remote server,
SAN (Storage Area Network) or NAS (Non-volatile Attached Storage).
• The client will be connected by the network to this virtual disk and
will boot with the Operating System installed on the virtual disk.
Virtual clusters and resource
management
• A physical cluster is a collection of servers (phys ical machines )
• interconnect ed by a physical network such as a LAN .
• Virtual clusters are built with VMs installed at distributed servers from one or more
physical clusters .
•  As with traditional physical servers, virtual machines (VMs) can also be clustered.
• A VM cluster starts with two or more physical servers;
•  We'll call them Server A and Server B.
•  In simple deployments if Server A fails, its workloads restart on Server B
•  The VMs in a virtual cluster are interconnected logically by a virtual
• network across several physical networks
Resource management

The term resource management refers to the operations used to control how capabilities provided by Cloud
resources and services are made available to other entities, whether users, applications, or services.
Types of Resources
Physical Resource: Computer, disk, database, network, etc.
Logical Resource: Execution, monitoring, and application to communicate.
A VM can be in one of the following four states.
– An inactive state is defined by the virtualization platform, under which the VM is not enabled.
– An active state refers to a VM that has been instantiated at the virtualization platform to perform a real
task.
– A paused state corresponds to a VM that has been instantiated but disabled to process a task or paused
in a waiting state.
– A VM enters the suspended state if its machine file and virtual resources are stored back to the disk
Live migration process of a VM from one host to Another
 Difference between Docker Containers and Virtual
Machines
1. Docker Containers
• Docker Containers contain binaries, libraries, and configuration files
along with the application itself.
• They don’t contain a guest OS for each container and rely on the
underlying OS kernel, which makes the containers lightweight.
• Containers share resources with other containers in the same host OS
and provide OS-level process isolation.
2. Virtual Machines
• Virtual Machines (VMs) run on Hypervisors, which allow multiple
Virtual Machines to run on a single machine along with its own
operating system.
• Each VM has its own copy of an operating system along with the
application and necessary binaries, which makes it significantly larger
and it requires more resources.
• They provide Hardware-level process isolation and are slow to boot.
Introduction to Docker

• Docker is a set of platforms as a service (PaaS) product that use the Operating system level virtualization
to deliver software in packages called containers.
• Containers are isolated from one another and bundle their own software, libraries, and configuration files;
they can communicate with each other through well-defined channels.
• All containers are run by a single operating system kernel and therefore use fewer resources than a
virtual machine.
 Docker Components
1. Docker Image
• It is a file, comprised of multiple layers, used to execute code in a Docker container.
• They are a set of instructions used to create docker containers.
2. Docker Container
• It is a runtime instance of an image.
• Allows developers to package applications with all parts needed such as libraries and other dependencies.
3. Docker file
• It is a text document that contains necessary commands which on execution helps assemble a Docker Image.
• Docker image is created using a Docker file.
4. Docker Engine
• The software that hosts the containers is named Docker Engine.
• Docker Engine is a client-server-based application
• The docker engine has 3 main components:
• Server: It is responsible for creating and managing Docker images, containers, networks, and volumes on the Docker. It is referred to as a daemon
process.
• REST API: It specifies how the applications can interact with the Server and instructs it what to do.
• Client: The Client is a docker command-line interface (CLI), that allows us to interact with Docker using the docker commands.
5. Docker Hub
• Docker Hub is the official online repository where you can find other Docker Images that are available for use.
• It makes it easy to find, manage, and share container images with others.
•
Docker Container

• Docker container is a running instance of an image.

• You can use Command Line Interface (CLI) commands to run, start, stop,
move, or delete a container.
• You can also provide configuration for the network and environment variables.
Docker container is an isolated and secure application platform, but it can share
and access to resources running in a different host or container.
• A docker image is described in text file called a Dockerfile, which has a
simple, well-defined syntax.
 You can understand container and image with the help of the
following command.

1. $ docker run hello-world

2. 1) docker: It is docker engine and used to run docker
program. It tells to the operating system that you are
running docker program.
3. 2) run: This subcommand is used to create and run a docker
container.
4. 3) hello-world: It is a name of an image. You need to
specify the name of an image which is to load into the
container.