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    Optical Couplers

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    Syed muhammad zaidi
    The document discusses optical couplers, including their construction, operation, types of detectors, specifications and applications. It notes that optical couplers transfer electrical signals between circuits using light, providing electrical isolation. The key components are a light emitter (typically an LED) and light detector (photodiode, phototransistor, etc). Common applications include use as solid state relays, in modem-telephone connections to prevent line damage, and for noise reduction in high-noise environments.

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    Optical Couplers

    Uploaded by

    Syed muhammad zaidi
    197 views36 pages
    The document discusses optical couplers, including their construction, operation, types of detectors, specifications and applications. It notes that optical couplers transfer electrical signals between circuits using light, providing electrical isolation. The key components are a light emitter (typically an LED) and light detector (photodiode, phototransistor, etc). Common applications include use as solid state relays, in modem-telephone connections to prevent line damage, and for noise reduction in high-noise environments.

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    optical coupler basics

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    The document discusses optical couplers, including their construction, operation, types of detectors, specifications and applications. It notes that optical couplers transfer electrical signals between circuits using light, providing electrical isolation. The key components are a light emitter (typically an LED) and light detector (photodiode, phototransistor, etc). Common applications include use as solid state relays, in modem-telephone connections to prevent line damage, and for noise reduction in high-noise environments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    197 views36 pages

    Optical Couplers

    Uploaded by

    Syed muhammad zaidi
    The document discusses optical couplers, including their construction, operation, types of detectors, specifications and applications. It notes that optical couplers transfer electrical signals between circuits using light, providing electrical isolation. The key components are a light emitter (typically an LED) and light detector (photodiode, phototransistor, etc). Common applications include use as solid state relays, in modem-telephone connections to prevent line damage, and for noise reduction in high-noise environments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    GROUP MEMBERS:

    BUSHRA MUBEEN
    MAHEEN ARSHAD RAAZIA ABID SHAHIDA PERVEEN KHIZRA RAHMANI

    10ES03
    10ES250 10ES07 10ES04 10ES06

    SUBJECT :

    ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS


    TOPIC OF PRESENTATION: OPTICAL COUPLERS ASSIGNED BY: ENGINEER USMAN ALI KHAN

    Overview
    Introduction of optical couplers
    Construction Optical couplers basics

    Types of detectors
    Types of optical couplers Specifications of optical couplers Applications

    DEFINITON OF OPTICAL COUPLERS


    In optical coupler, also called optical isolator, is an

    electronic component that transfers an electrical signal or voltage from one circuit to another by utilizing the light , while electrically isolating the two circuits from each other.

    CONSTRUCTION

    Why we use optical couplers?


    Generally, machine-controlling equipment generates

    induced noise which may cause malfunctions. This unwanted noise in input signals can be isolated by means of optical couplers. The main purpose of optical isolator is to prevent the high voltage or rapidly changing voltages on one side of the circuit from damaging component or distorting transmission on the other side.

    Physical appearance
    It is enclosed in the

    single package.
    It has a appearance of

    integrated circuit(IC) or transistor.

    Optical couplers basics


    The optical couplers is a component that contain two

    element required for an optical isolator. 1. Light Emitter 2. Light Detector

    Light Emitter

    Lie in input side Convert electrical signal into light Typically light emitter is LED.

    Light Detector
    Detect light coming from emitter.

    Convert back into electrical signal.


    It is usually used photodiode, phototransistor, photo

    Darlington ,LASCR etc.

    PHOTODIODE

    PFOTOTRANSISTOR

    PDOTODARLINGTON

    SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF SILICON


    Since silicon has a response to light (spectral response) that peaks at

    infrared wavelengths (between 800 and 950 nanometers). silicon devices are preferred as the photo detector section. Matching the infrared LED to the silicon chip provides a maximum transfer of the desired electrical signal.

    TYPES OF DETECTOR OF OPTOISOLATOR


    The input circuit of an optical coupler is typically an LED but the
    output can take several forms. There are many types of detectors used in optical couplers. Few are discussed here.

    1- Photodiode optical isolators


    2- photo transistor optical isolators 3- Darlington Transistor coupler

    4- LASCR optical isolators


    5- phototriac optical coupler

    Photodiode Optical isolators:


    It has a LED at input side and photodiode on output

    side.

    Phototransistor Optical isolators:


    When the input voltage forward biases the light

    transmitted to the phototransistor turns it on producing current through the external load.

    Darlington transistor coupler:


    It is used when increased output current capability is

    needed beyond that provided by the phototransistor output.

    LASCR output coupler:


    This device can be used in applications where a low level input voltage is required to attain a high voltage for the purpose of activating some type of electromechanical device.

    Photo triacs optical coupler


    It contain LED optically coupled to output phototriacs.
    Phototriacs contain light sensitive ICs act as a trigger

    device.

    Types of optical couplers


    There are two types of optical couplers:
    1. Slotted optical couplers
    2. Reflective optical couplers

    1. Slotted optical couplers:


    Slot is molded into package between LED and phototransistor. An air gap between its section. Light can blocked by placing opaque object in slot.

    Application of slotted optical couplers


    It is used in following :
    End-of-tape detection

    Limit switching
    Liquid level detection Punch card reader

    2.Reflective optical couplers


    LED and photo sensor are optically screened.
    The object sited short distance outside, in line with LED

    and sensor.

    Application of reflective optical couplers


    It is used in following:
    Tape position detection.

    Smoke or fog detection


    speed measurement

    Specification of the optical couplers:


    Isolation voltage

    Current transfer ratio


    LED Trigger current

    Transfer gain
    Soldering temperature Isolation Resistance Isolation capacitance

    APPLICATION OF SLOTTED OPTOCOUPLER

    The slotted optical

    coupler is available with photo transistor and photo Darlington photo detectors The package normally has an air gap between its two sections measuring about oneeighth of an inch in width.

    The infrared light beam that

    links the two sections of an opto coupler can be broken by the mechanical insertion of any thin object
    As the infrared light beam is

    interrupted, pulses are generated at the output of the coupler.


    rotational speed of the disk can

    be measured, and motor speed control can be achieved.

    Applications:
    As Solid state Relay.
    As a switching time reducer Noise reduction. Modem-telephone connections.

    Modem-telephone connections:
    Two optical couplers are employed

    for upstream signals and downstream signals. Allows computer to be connected to a telephone line without risk of damage from electrical transients(surges or spikes). Modem using optical isolator provides superior protection against surges as compared with modems having surge suppressers.

    Solid state Relay:


    SSR(solid state relay)is a circuit that uses a dc input voltage to pass or

    block an ac signal. When the dc input has the polarity shown(below),the waveform at the input (ac1) is coupled to the ac output(ac2)and thus to the load. As long as the dc potential remains , ac signal will be coupled to load and if dc source is removed output goes open circuit and ac signal is blocked from the load.

    As a switching time reducer:

    Output being taken from the collectorbase diode. In this mode of operation, the emitter is left open, the load resistor is connected between the base and ground. collector is tied to the positive voltage supply . Using the coupler in this way reduces the switching time from 2 to 3 ms to 100 ns.

    Noise Reduction:
    an electrical shield in the optical path between LED and photodiode reduces noise transmission making optical coupler useful in signal transmission in high-induced noise environments.

    Further Advantages:
    1 2 3
    Provides different grounds for input and output sections. Loading(output)doesnt affect the input section Fastest way of transferring data. Small interfacing devices are used for large voltages. .they are not affected by electromagnetic fields as light is composed of photons.

    small sized. light weight.

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