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    Hydraulic Pumps and Valves

    Uploaded by

    Iqbal Jafar
    This document discusses various types of hydraulic pumps and valves. It describes pump characteristics such as operating pressure, speeds, displacement volume, and efficiency. Pump efficiency is determined by volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency. It provides examples to calculate total efficiency. The document also describes common hydraulic valves like directional control valves, non-return valves, pressure valves, and flow control valves. It explains their purposes and basic symbols.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydraulic Pumps and Valves

    Uploaded by

    Iqbal Jafar
    232 views28 pages
    This document discusses various types of hydraulic pumps and valves. It describes pump characteristics such as operating pressure, speeds, displacement volume, and efficiency. Pump efficiency is determined by volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency. It provides examples to calculate total efficiency. The document also describes common hydraulic valves like directional control valves, non-return valves, pressure valves, and flow control valves. It explains their purposes and basic symbols.

    Original Description:

    Credit to Mohammad Farid Bin Mohammad Syarif - lecturer fds

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses various types of hydraulic pumps and valves. It describes pump characteristics such as operating pressure, speeds, displacement volume, and efficiency. Pump efficiency is determined by volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency. It provides examples to calculate total efficiency. The document also describes common hydraulic valves like directional control valves, non-return valves, pressure valves, and flow control valves. It explains their purposes and basic symbols.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    232 views28 pages

    Hydraulic Pumps and Valves

    Uploaded by

    Iqbal Jafar
    This document discusses various types of hydraulic pumps and valves. It describes pump characteristics such as operating pressure, speeds, displacement volume, and efficiency. Pump efficiency is determined by volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency. It provides examples to calculate total efficiency. The document also describes common hydraulic valves like directional control valves, non-return valves, pressure valves, and flow control valves. It explains their purposes and basic symbols.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Pump characteristic

    Operating pressure

    Speeds
    Displacement volume (V) volume of liquid per

    revolution Volumetric flow rate: Q = n V where n : number of rotation (rpm) V : displacement volume (per rev)

    Pump Efficiency (Volumetric)


    To determine performance of pump

    Divided into two:

    Volumetric efficiency (vol) : Indicates amount of leakage that takes place in the pump. Effected by pressure. vol = QA/QT = (actual flow rate)/(theoretical flow rate)

    Mechanical efficiency (m) Indicates amount of energy losses due to reasons other than leakage.

    m = pump output power(no leakage)/actual power delivered to pump = pQT/TAN where p : pump discharge pressure [Pa] QT: pump theoretical flow rate [m3/s] TA : theoretical torque delivered to pump [Nm] N : pump speed [rpm]

    Or

    m = TT/TA = (theoretical torque to operate pump)/(actual torque delivered to pump)


    where TT [Nm] = (VD [m3] p [Pa])/2 TA = (actual power delivered to pump [W])/ (2N/60[rpm])

    Total/overall efficiency
    Total efficiency: tot = vol m

    where

    tot : total efficiency vol : volumetric efficiency m : mechanical/motor efficiency

    Example (1)
    A leakage of oil from a pump is 6% at 230 bar. Calculate the

    total efficiency if the flow rate at 0 bar is 10 dm3min-1 and the motor efficiency is 75%. Solution: Q (P = 0 bar) = 10 dm3min-1 Q (P = 230 bar) = 10 0.94 = 9.4 dm3min-1 motor = 0.75, vol = 9.4/10 = 0.94 Therefore tot = motor vol = 0.705 (= 70.5 %)

    Example (2)
    A pump has a displacement volume of 100 cm3. It delivers

    0.0015 m3/s at 1000 rpm and 70 bars. The prime mover input torque is 120 Nm. a) What is the overall efficiency of the pump? b) What is the theoretical torque required to operate the pump?

    Solution
    a) From QT = V n,

    Given V = 100 cm3/rev = 0.0001 m3/rev QT = V n = 0.0001 m3/rev (1000/60 revs-1) = 0.00167 m3/s

    Solution
    Solve volumetric efficiency

    vol = QA/QT = 0.0015/0.00167 = 0.898 = 89.8% Solve mechanical efficiency m = PQT/TAN = (70 105)(0.00167)/(120)(1000 (2/60)) = 0.93 = 93% Therefore, tot = 0.93 0.898 = 0.835 = 83.5%

    Solution
    b) m = TT/TA

    TT = m TA = 0.93 120 = 112 Nm

    Assignment 3
    The pump in Example 2 is driven by an electric motor

    having an overall efficiency of 85%. The hydraulic system operates 12 hours per day for 259 days per year. The cost of electricity is RM0.11 per kWh. Determine: a) The yearly cost of electric to operate the hydraulics system. b) Amount of yearly cost of electricity that is due to the inefficiencies of the electric motor and pump.

    Hydraulic valves
    Device for controlling the energy flow direction.
    4 basic valve types: Directional control valve Non-return valves Pressure valves Flow control valves

    Basic valve symbols

    1. Directional control valve


    Change, open or close flow path in hydraulic system. Types: 1. 2 ports/2 way 2. 3 ports/2 way 3. 4 ports/2 way 4. 4 ports/3 way

    2 ports/2 way valve

    1 working port and 1 pressure port Control delivery by closing or opening the passage

    3 ports/2 way valve

    1 working port, 1 pressure port and 1 tank connection Control delivery o Normal position P is closed and A to T is open o Actuated position T is closed, flow from P to A

    4 ports/2 way valve

    2 working port (A, B), 1 pressure port and 1 tank connection Control delivery o Normal position flow from P to B and A to T o Actuated position flow from P to A and B to T

    4 ports/3 way valve

    2. Non-return valves
    Allows hydraulic flow in only one direction.

    3. Pressure valves
    Control and regulate pressure in a hydraulic system.
    Types:

    - Pressure relief valve - Pressure regulator

    Pressure relief valve (PRV)


    To control and relieve pressure in a hydraulic system.
    If the pressure generated exceeds the spring force, the valve will open.
    P

    Pressure regulator
    Reduce the output pressure to safe/usable pressure.
    Automatically shuts off hydraulic flow at a certain

    pressure.
    A

    4.Flow Control Valve


    Reduce the speed of cylinder or motor rpm
    Eg - Throttle valve
    o

    One way flow control valve

    Throttle valve
    Used to restrict the flow from either direction

    100%

    One way flow control valve


    Restrict the flow in one direction while allowing a bypass

    in the opposite direction Used to reduce the speed of cylinder movement

    100%

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