Harambe

University

Chapter 4

Java Networking (Java net)

Computer Sc. Dept.

 Java Networking
 JavaNetworking is a concept of connecting two or
more computing devices together so that we can
share resources.
 Java socket programming provides facility to share
data between different computing devices.
 The term network programming refers to
writing programs that execute across multiple
devices (computers), in which the devices are all
connected to each other using a network.
Java Networking Terminology
The widely used java networking terminologies are given below:
 IP Address
 Protocol
 Port Number
 MAC Address
 Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol
 Socket
1. IP Address
 IP address is a unique number assigned to a node of a network
 It is a logical address that can be changed.
 is an identifier assigned to each computer and other device(e.g.,
router, mobile, etc)
 2. Protocol
 A protocol is a set of rules basically that is
followed for communication.
For example:
 TCP: It is the most common protocol in networks
that use the Internet Protocol (IP).
 FTP
is a widely used network protocol for transferring
files between computers over a TCP/IP-based
network, such as the Internet.
 Telnet
A terminal emulation that enables a user to connect
to a remote host or device using a telnet client.
For example, typing telnet hostname would connect a
user to a hostname named hostname.
o SMTP
An SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server is
an application that's primary purpose is to send,
receive, and/or relay outgoing mail between
email senders and receivers
3. Port Number
The port number is used to uniquely identify
different applications. It acts as a
communication endpoint between applications.

4. MAC Address
MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a unique
identifier of NIC (Network Interface Controller).
A network node can have multiple NIC but each
with unique MAC
5. Connection-oriented and connection-less
protocol
In connection-oriented protocol, acknowledgement is
sent by the receiver. So it is reliable but slow.
The example of connection-oriented protocol is TCP.
But, in connection-less protocol, acknowledgement is
not sent by the receiver. So it is not reliable but fast.
The example of connection-less protocol is UDP.

6. Socket
A socket is an endpoint between two way
communications.
A socket in Java is one endpoint of a two-way
communication link between two programs running on
the network.
InetAddress Class
 Inet Address is used to encapsulate both the
numerical IP address and the domain name for that
address.
 It can handle both IPv4 and Ipv6 addresses.
 An InetAddress class method corresponds to a
DNS request
 No public constructor
 Three static methods:
 InetAddress getByName(String)
o Static method used to retrieve the address for
the host name passed as the parameter.
 InetAddress [ ] getAllByName(String)
o Static method used to retrieve all the addresses
for the host name passed as a parameter.
 InetAddress getLocalHost( )
o Static method used to retrieve the address for
the current, or local host.
Cont…

 Java InetAddress class represents an IP address.

 java.net.InetAddress class provides methods to
get the IP of any host name for
example www.javatpoint.com, www.google.com,
www.facebook.com, etc.
 Three additional “getter” methods
 String getHostName( )
 Returns the host name.
 byte[ ] getAddress( )
 Returns the IP address.
 String getHostAddress( )
 Returns the IP address as a string.
 InetAddress Examples

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class InetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{

InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("www.javatpoint.com"
);
System.out.println("Host Name: "+ip.getHostName());
System.out.println("IP Address: "+ip.getHostAddress());
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
} }
}
Output Host Name:
www.javatpoint.com
IP Address: 206.51.231.148
Cont…
try
{ InetAddress fullname =
netAddress.getByName(“bigyellowcat.cs.binghamton
;
InetAddress alias =
InetAddress.getByName(“bigyellowcat"); InetAddre
octets = InetAddress.getByName(“128.226.121.44");
if (fullname.equals(alias) && fullname.equals(octe
// All is right with the world!
}
catch (UnknownHostException e)
{ // Exception handling here. }
TCP Sockets
 Once a TCP socket connection is made, a virtual stream is
in place. Java’s IO model is that of a stream, therefore
the models are consistent; all you need to do connect a
TCP socket to a stream and read and write the streams as
normal
 Sockets can be configured to act as a server and listen for
incoming messages, or connect to other applications as
a client. After both ends of a TCP/IP socket are connected,
communication is bi-directional.
 Socket
is one endpoint of a two-way communication link
between two programs running on the network.
is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can
identify the application that data is destined to be sent
is simply an endpoint for communications between the
machines.
Socket Class - TCP Client sockets
 Socket(String ip, int port)
◦ Creates a streaming socket and binds it to the host and
port specified as parameters.
 Socket(String ip, int port, boolean TCP or UDP)
◦ Creates a socket and binds it to the host and port
specified as parameters. The last parameter is used to
indicate whether the socket should be a stream or
datagram socket.
 Socket(InetAddress ia, int port)
◦ Creates a streaming socket connected to the specified
host and port.
 Socket(InetAddress ia, int port, boolean TCPorUDP)
◦ Creates a socket connected to the specified host and
port. The last parameter specifies whether the socket
should be a stream or datagram socket.
 Client Sockets
 Client sockets send messages to
server sockets by specifying the server endpoint
in a call to connect() and then sending data using
send() or write() .
 When the client calls connect() , a connection is
pushed onto the server-side queue where it sits
until the server accepts the connection
Client Sockets methods
 InetAddress getInetAddress( )
◦ Returns an InetAddress object representing the host for
this socket.
 Int getPort( )

◦ . Returns the port number on the remote host for this

socket
 Int getLocalPort( )

◦ Returns the port number on the local host for this socket.
 InputStream getInputStream( ) or need Read()

◦ Returns an input stream for the socket.

 OutputStream getOutputStream( ) use write()

◦ Returns an output stream for the socket.

 Close( )

◦ Closes the socket.

 SetSocketImplFactory (SocketImplFactory)

◦ Sets the socket factory that will be used to create all

sockets.
Example of Java Socket Programming Reading and
Writing both side
// File: MyServer.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(5454);
Socket s=ss.accept(); //establishes connection
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String str=(String)dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("message= "+str);
ss.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
// File: MyClient.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
Socket s=new Socket("localhost",5454);
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutp
utStream());
dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
dout.flush();
dout.close();
s.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
User Datagram Protocol (UDP ) Sockets
 Since UDP is a connectionless protocol; there is no virtual stream
between the hosts so streams are not used for IO.
 UDP applications are not thought of in terms of clients and servers,
but rather in terms of senders and receivers.
◦ For conversational applications both ends (sender and receiver)
will be changing states from sender to receiver and back again
◦ Many UDP based applications are simple send a request then
receive the data (sender’s perspective), like a DNS request. The
receiver’s perspective is to ‘listen’ for a request, send the
response, listen for more requests.
◦ DNS, or the Domain Name System, translates human readable
domain names to machine readable IP addresses.

 The UDP protocol provides a mode of network communication

whereby applications send packets of data, called datagrams, to
one another.
 The DatagramPacket and DatagramSocket classes in the java.net
package implement system-independent datagram communication
Datagram Packet Class
 UDP sockets send and receive Datagrams
 Constructors: two for receiving, four for sending

◦ DatagramPacket( byte[ ] buff , int len)

 Constructs a DatagramPacket for receiving packets of length
len.
◦ DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int off, int len)
 Constructs a DatagramPacket for receiving packets of length
len, specifying an offset of off bytes into the buffer(data
stored in this datagram packet)
◦ DatagramPacket((byte[] buf, int len, InetAddress addr,
int port)
 Constructs a datagram packet for sending packets of length
len to the specified port number on the specified host.
◦ DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int off, int len, InetAddress addr,
int port)
 Constructs a datagram packet for sending packets of length
len with offset off to the specified port number on the
DatagramPacket Class
◦ DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int len, SocketAddress addr)
 Constructs a datagram packet for sending packets of
length len to the specified port number on the specified
host.
 Getter and setter methods are used to retrieve and
manipulate private variables in a different class. A
"getter" method does as it name suggest, retrieves a the
attribute of the same name. A setter method allows you to
set the value of the attribute.
Getter methods Setter methods
getAddress( ) setAddress(InetAddress iaddr)

getData( ) setData(byte[ ] buf)

getLength( ) setData(byte[] buf, int offset,
getOffset( ) int length)
getPort( ) setLength(int len)
DatagramSocket Class – UDP Sockets
 Constructors
• DatagramSocket()
 Constructs a datagram socket and binds it to any
available port on the local host.
• DatagramSocket(DatagramSocketImpl impl)
 Creates an unbound datagram socket with the specified
DatagramSocketImpl.
• DatagramSocket(int port)
 Constructs a datagram socket and binds it to the
specified port on the local host.
• DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress iaddr)
 Creates a datagram socket, bound to the specified local
address.
• DatagramSocket(SocketAddress bindaddr)
 Creates a datagram socket, bound to the specified local
DatagramSocket Class – operational
Methods
 Operational (void) Methods
 bind(SocketAddress addr)
 connect(InetAddress address, int port)
 connect(SocketAddress addr)
 disconnect( )
 receive(DatagramPacket p)
 send(DatagramPacket p)
 close( )
DatagramSocket Class – getter methods
Getter Methods:
DatagramChannel getChannel( )
InetAddress getInetAddress( )
boolean getBroadcast( )
InetAddress getLocalAddress( )
int getLocalPort( )
SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress( )
SocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress( )
int getPort( )
int getReceiveBufferSize( )
int getSendBufferSize( )
boolean getReuseAddress( )
int getSoTimeout( )
DatagramSocket Class – setter methods

Setter Methods:
void setBroadcast( boolean on)
static void setDatagramSocketImplFactory
(DatagramSocketImplFactory fac)
void serReceiveBufferSize(int size)
void setReuseAddress(boolean on)
void setSevdBufferSize(int size)
void setSoTimeout(int timeout)
void setTrafficClass(int tc)
Java URL class
 A Class URL represents a Uniform Resource Locator,
which is a pointer to a “resource” on the World Wide Web.
For example:
https://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial

A URL contains many information:

 Protocol: In this case, http is the protocol.
 Server name or IP Address: In this case,
www.javatpoint.com is the server name.
 Port Number: It is an optional attribute. If we write
http//ww.javatpoint.com:80/sonoojaiswal/ , 80 is the port
number. If port number is not mentioned in the URL
 File Name or directory name: In this case, index.jsp is
the file name.
Constructors of Java URL class
 URL(String spec)
◦ Creates a URL object from the String representation.
 URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file)
◦ Creates a URL object from the specified protocol, host,
port number, and file.
 URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file,
URLStreamHandler handler)
◦ Creates a URL object from the specified protocol, host,
port number, file, and handler.
 URL(String protocol, String host, String file)
◦ Creates a URL from the specified protocol name, host
name, and file name.
 URL(URL context, String spec)
◦ Creates a URL by parsing the given spec within a
specified context
 URL(URL context, String spec,
URLStreamHandler handler)
◦ Creates a URL by parsing the given spec with the
URL Class – Utility methods

int hashCode( )
URLConnection openConnection( )
InputStream openStream( )
boolean sameFile(URL other)
String toExternalForm( )
String toString( )
boolean equals(Object obj)
Example of Java URL class
// File Name: URLDemo
import java.net.*;
public class URLDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
URL url=new URL("http://www.javatpoint.com/java-
tutorial");
System.out.println("Protocol: "+url.getProtocol());
System.out.println("Host Name: "+url.getHost());
System.out.println("Port Number: "+url.getPort());
System.out.println("File Name: "+url.getFile());
} catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
ServerSocket
Used as the main connection point for some service
you wish to provide.
Once created, it listens for connection requests
then queues the request for disposition
On Unix/Linux you must be root to use

Java Socket Server Examples (TCP/IP)

 Create a server socket and bind it to a specific
port number.
 Listen for a connection from the client and accept it.
 Read data from the client via an InputStream
obtained from the client socket.
 Send data to the client via the
client socket's OutputStream.
 Close the connection with the client.
ServerSocket – Life cycle
A new ServerSocket is created on a particular port using a
ServerSocket( ) constructor.
The ServerSocket listens for incoming connection attempts
on that port using its accept( ) method. accept( ) blocks
until a client attempts to make a connection, at which
point accept( ) returns a Socket object connecting the
client and the server.
Depending on the type of server, either the Socket's
getInputStream( ) method, getOutputStream( ) method, or
both are called to get input and output streams that
communicate with the client.
The server and the client interact according to an agreed-
upon protocol until it is time to close the connection.
The server, the client, or both close the connection.
The server returns to step 2 and waits for the next
connection.
ServerSockets - threads
 Simultaneous requests are held in a queue, as each
request is removed from the queue and processed new
connections requests can be added to the queue.
Connection requests received while the queue is full will
be blocked.
 Some clients use multiple retries in this case as
queue space will usually open up pretty quickly.

 For simple protocols (DayTime) the queue can usually

handle all of the requests without problem
 For more complex protocols (HTTP) use a thread to
process each connection. Threads have less overhead
than spawning an entire child process.
ServerSocket - Constructors
 public
ServerSocket(int port) throws IOException,
BindException

 public ServerSocket(int port, int queueLength) throws

IOException, BindException
 public ServerSocket(int port, int queueLength,
InetAddress bindAddress) throws IOException
ServerSocket – methods
 accept( ) – accepts a connection request and creates
a socket to the remote user
 close( ) – close the server socket and wait for next
connection request
ServerSocket - example

ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(5776);

while (true)
{
Socket connection = server.accept( );
OutputStreamWriter out =
new
OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream( )
);
out.write("You've connected to this server. Bye-
bye now.\r\n");
connection.close( );
}
Thank You !!!