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PAL (Programmable Array Logic) and PLA (Programmable Logic Array) are key programmable logic devices used in digital circuit design, with PAL featuring a fixed OR array and a programmable AND array, while PLA has both programmable arrays. PAL is faster and more cost-effective but less flexible, making it suitable for control logic, whereas PLA offers high flexibility for complex logic functions but is more expensive, ideal for microprocessors and memory decoders. The choice between PAL and PLA depends on application needs, balancing complexity, speed, and cost.

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39 views10 pages

Vlsi Cls

PAL (Programmable Array Logic) and PLA (Programmable Logic Array) are key programmable logic devices used in digital circuit design, with PAL featuring a fixed OR array and a programmable AND array, while PLA has both programmable arrays. PAL is faster and more cost-effective but less flexible, making it suitable for control logic, whereas PLA offers high flexibility for complex logic functions but is more expensive, ideal for microprocessors and memory decoders. The choice between PAL and PLA depends on application needs, balancing complexity, speed, and cost.

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sruthireddyk0491
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CMR TECHNICAL CAMPUS

UGC (Autonomous)
Kandlakoya, Medchal road, Hyd-501 401
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Design Approaches-PAL,PLA

Presented by:
K.Sruthi
227R1A0490
ECE-B
Introduction to PAL and PLA

PAL and PLA are fundamental programmable logic devices used in digital circuit
design. Programmable Logic Array (PLA) and Programmable Array Logic (PAL)
are types of programmable logic devices (PLDs) used in digital circuits to implement
combinational logic functions. They provide flexibility in designing custom logic
functions without needing multiple discrete logic gates.

They enable designers to implement complex logic functions using a flexible


architecture.

Understanding their differences is crucial for effective CMOS VLSI design.


What is PAL?

PAL stands for Programmable Array Logic and


features a fixed OR array and a programmable
AND array.
Structure:
AND Plane: Programmable
OR Plane: Fixed
 Advantages: Faster operation, more
cost-effective
 Disadvantages: Less flexible than PLA
 Applications: Used in control logic,
address decoding, and state machines
Programmable logic Array(PLA):
A PLA consists of a programmable AND array followed
by a programmable OR array.
 Structure:
• AND Plane: Programmable
• OR Plane: Programmable
 Advantages:
High flexibility, capable of implementing complex
logic
 Disadvantages:
More expensive and complex compared to PAL
 Applications:
Used in microprocessors, memory decoders, and logic
synthesis
Design Approaches: PAL

A PAL is designed by programming only the AND plane, while the OR plane remains
fixed.
Steps for PAL Design:
1.Boolean Function :Express logic functions in sum-of-products (SOP) form.
2.Minimization of Logic Function: Use K-map or algebraic techniques to simplify
expressions.
3.Programming the AND Plane: Connect the required product terms in the programmable
AND array.
4.Fixed OR Plane Utilization: Combine selected product terms using a fixed OR array.
5.Optional Flip-Flop Addition: If sequential logic is needed, connect outputs to D or JK
flip-flops.
6.Implementation & Testing: Program and simulate the PAL logic using software tools.
Design Approaches: PAL
Design Approaches: PLA
A PLA is designed by programming both the AND and OR planes to implement
custom logic functions.
Steps for PLA Design:
1.Boolean Function Representation: Express the given logic functions in sum-of-
products (SOP) form.
2.Karnaugh Map Simplification: Minimize the Boolean functions using K-map or
algebraic simplification.
3.Programmable AND Array Design: Identify the required min terms and program
the AND gates accordingly.
4.Programmable OR Array Design: Connect the required AND gate outputs to OR
gates to form the final expressions.
5.Implementation & Testing: Configure the PLA hardware or use software tools (e.g.,
Verilog, VHDL) for simulation.
PLA:
Conclusion:
PLA (Programmable Logic Array) and PAL (Programmable Array Logic) are
essential Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) used in digital circuit design.
While PLA offers greater flexibility with its programmable AND and OR planes, it
is more complex and expensive. On the other hand, PAL provides a simpler, faster,
and more cost-effective solution by having a fixed OR plane.
The choice between PLA and PAL depends on the application requirements—PLA
is preferred for complex combinational circuits, whereas PAL is ideal for high-
speed logic and control applications. Both technologies play a crucial role in
reducing circuit size, improving reliability, and enabling efficient logic design.

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