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Lesson 2D ALTERNATING SERIES

This lesson covers alternating series, absolute convergence, and the ratio test for determining convergence. Students will learn to classify series as conditionally convergent, absolutely convergent, or divergent through various examples and activities. The lesson emphasizes the application of convergence tests to analyze series with both positive and negative terms.

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David Narboneta
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18 views26 pages

Lesson 2D ALTERNATING SERIES

This lesson covers alternating series, absolute convergence, and the ratio test for determining convergence. Students will learn to classify series as conditionally convergent, absolutely convergent, or divergent through various examples and activities. The lesson emphasizes the application of convergence tests to analyze series with both positive and negative terms.

Uploaded by

David Narboneta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 2D

ALTERNATING SERIES,
ABSOLUTE CONVERGENCE,
RATIO TEST FOR ABSOLUTE
CONVERGENCE AND CONDITIONAL
CONVERGENCE

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Discuss series that contains both positive and negative terms.


2. Apply the different convergence tests to a given series .
3. Conclude whether the series converges or diverges.
4. Classify each sequence as conditionally convergent, absolutely
convergent, or divergent.
ALTERNATING SERIES

 Series whose terms alternate between positive and negative

 Has one of the following forms:

. (1)

. (2)

An alternating series of either form (1) or form (2) converges if the

following two conditions are satisfied:

(a) . (b)

.
EXAMPLE
1. Determine if the following series is convergent or
divergent.
Solution: Rewriting the series,
and assigning n=1,2,3,. . .

a.
b.
Thus, the series converges

.
EXAMPLE

2. Determine if the following series is convergent or divergent.

Solution: By assigning k = 1, 2, 3, … in the given series,


k = 1, ; k = 2, ; k = 3,

Using the two conditions of convergence:

1. Not satisfied since it was otherwise.

Since the 1st condition does not hold true, then the series

diverges.
.

.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES: From WileyPlus

1.

2.

.
ACTIVITY 2D.1

1.

2.

.
Absolute Convergence
 A series

is said to converge absolutely if the series of absolute values

converges and is said to diverge absolutely if the series of

absolute values diverges.

.
EXAMPLE
1. Determine if the following series is converges absolutely.
Solution:

The series of absolute values is the geometric series

Since . When , the series converges absolutely

.
EXAMPLE
Determine whether the following series converges absolutely.
1.

Solution: Identifying the first four terms in the series,

By taking the absolute values of the first four terms is the convergent

geometric series So the given series converges

absolutely.
.

.
EXAMPLE
1. Determine if the following series is converges absolutely.
Solution:

The series of absolute values is the harmonic series

So, the given series diverges absolutely

.
EXAMPLE

2.
Solution: By identifying the first four terms gives us

The series of absolute values are

Using the two conditions of convergence of alternating series,

a.

b.

the given series converges absolutely.


.

.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES (From WileyPlus)

1.

2.

3.

.
ACTIVITY 2D.2

1.

2.

.
Ratio Test for Absolute Convergence

• Let e a series with nonzero terms and suppose that

a. If then the series converges absolutely

and therefore converges.

b. If then the series diverges.

c. If no conclusion about convergence or


.
absolute convergence can be drawn from this test.

.
EXAMPLE

.
EXAMPLE

.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES: From WileyPlus

Use the ratio test for absolute convergence to determine whether the series
converges or diverges. If the test is inconclusive, say so.

2.

3.

.
ACTIVITY 2D.3

Use the ratio test for absolute convergence to determine whether the series
converges or diverges. If the test is inconclusive, say so.

1.

2.

.
Conditional Convergence

A series that converges but diverges a

absolutely is said to converge conditionally

(or to be conditionally convergent)

.
EXAMPLE
Determine whether the following series converge absolutely or
converges conditionally.
1.
Solution: By finding first four terms in the series

The series of absolute values is the divergent harmonic series

So the given series diverges absolutely.

But it also converges using the Alternating Test where the given series also
converges since the two conditions are satisfied:
1. .
2.
.
b. Thus, the series is a conditional convergent series.

.
EXAMPLE

2. Determine whether the following series converge absolutely or converges


conditionally.
Solution: Identifying the first four terms of the given series,

Using the limit comparison test,


From the given series and

Dividing both terms by


where is finite and positive,
Using , the given series diverges.
But it also converges using the Alternating Test where the given series also
converges since the two conditions are satisfied:
1. . 2. b.
. Thus, the series is a conditional convergent series.

.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES: From WileyPlus

.
ACTIVITY 2D.3

1.

2.

3.

.
SUMMARY OF CONVERGENCE TEST

.
.

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