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Simulation and Modelling: Sujan Karki

The document discusses various types of physical and mathematical models, including static and dynamic models. It explains static physical models as unchanging representations of systems, dynamic physical models as analogous systems that change over time, and mathematical models that use equations to represent system relationships. Additionally, it outlines assignments related to these concepts for further understanding.

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13 views16 pages

Simulation and Modelling: Sujan Karki

The document discusses various types of physical and mathematical models, including static and dynamic models. It explains static physical models as unchanging representations of systems, dynamic physical models as analogous systems that change over time, and mathematical models that use equations to represent system relationships. Additionally, it outlines assignments related to these concepts for further understanding.

Uploaded by

ohotamatarbademajedaar
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SIMULATION AND MODELLING

Sujan Karki
Email: [email protected]
Contact No.: 9819387234
Master’s in Information System Engineering (MscIne) *Ongoing
Bachelor in Computer Engineering – Purwanchal Campus,IOE
UNIT 2

Physical & Mathematical


Models
2. Physical and Mathematical models
a. Static physical model
b. Dynamic physical model
c. Static mathematical models
d. Dynamic mathematical models
Static Physical Model
o Physical models are such models where the system attributes are
represented by physical measurements such as voltage or position of
shaft.
o Static physical model is a scaled down model of a system which does
not change with time.
o Such models only depict the object’s characteristics at any instance
of time, considering that the object’s property will not change over
time.
o Example : An architectural model of a house, scale models & so on.
o The best known examples of physical models are scale models.
o In shipbuilding, making a scale model provides a simple way of
determining the exact measurements of the plates covering the hull,
rather than having to produce drawings of complicated, three-
dimensional shapes
o Scale models are also used in the course of designing aircraft and
ships.
Dynamic Physical Model
o Dynamic Physical models rely upon an analogy between the system
being studied and some other system of a different nature, the analogy
usually depending upon an underlying similarity in the forces governing
the behavior of the systems. Example: Automobile Suspension Model
D

D
…

Velocity (V) Current (I)

o Since these systems are analogous, the performance of one can be


studied with the other.
o In practice, it is simpler to modify the electrical system than to
change the mechanical system, so it is more likely that the electrical
system will have been built to study the mechanical system
Static Mathematical Model
o Mathematical models use symbolic notation and mathematical
equation to represent a system. Example: Linear Market Model.
o Static Mathematical Models are such mathematical models that give
the relationships between the system attributes when system is in
equilibrium.
o If the point of equilibrium is changed by altering any of the attribute
values, the model enables the new values for all the attributes to be
derived but does not show the way in which they changed to their
new values.
o For example, in marketing a commodity there is a balance between
the supply and demand for the commodity.
o Both factors depend upon price: a simple market model will show
what is the price at which the balance occurs.
o Demand for the commodity will be low when the price is high, and it
will increase as the price drops. On the other hand, the supply can be
expected to increase as the price increases, because the suppliers see
an opportunity for more revenue.
…
o Suppose supply, denoted by S, is plotted against price, and the
relationship is the straight line marked "Supply" in Figure 4.lf
conditions remain stable, the price will settle to the point at which
the two lines cross, because that is where the supply equals the
demand

Where 'a' represents the intercept and 'b'


represents the slope.
where 'c' represents the intercept and 'd'
represents the slope.
…
Dynamic Mathematical Model
o Dynamic mathematical model is the mathematical model that
accounts for the time dependent changes in the logical state of the
system.
o Such models are time-variant.
o It is generally represented by differential equations or difference
equations.
o Example: The equation of motion of planets around the sun in the
solar system.
o A dynamic mathematical model allows the changes of system
attributes to be derived as a function of time.
o The derivation may be made with an analytical solution or with a
numerical computation, depending upon the complexity of the model.
o The equation that was derived to describe the behavior of a car
wheel is an example of a dynamic mathematical model; in this case,
an equation that can be solved analytically
Behavior of car wheel
Assignments
1. Explain dynamic mathematical model with practical example.
[6]
2. Compare static and dynamic mathematical model with
example.[6]
3. Explain dynamic physical model with practical example.[6]
4. Explain Static mathematical model with practical example. [6]
5. Explain static physical model with example. [3]
. . . to be continued !!!

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