Module 4: Fundamental Cloud Architectures

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi
[email protected]

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 1
 FUNDAMENTAL CLOUD ARCHITECTURES
• Introduces key foundational cloud architectural models commonly used in modern
cloud environments.
• Each model highlights specific usage patterns and core characteristics of cloud
computing.
• Provides insights into how cloud architectural models enable the capabilities and
applications of cloud computing in technology landscape.
– Workload Distribution Architecture
– Resource Pooling Architecture
– Dynamic Scalability Architecture
– Elastic Resource Capacity Architecture
– Service Load Balancing Architecture
– Cloud Bursting Architecture
– Elastic Disk Provisioning Architecture
– Redundant Storage Architecture
– Case study example
Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 2
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• Resource Pooling Architecture
– The architecture is built around one or more pools of identical IT resources.
– These resources are grouped together and managed as a collective pool.
– A system automatically ensures that all resources within the pool are kept
synchronized.
– This architecture supports efficient resource sharing and utilization across
different applications and services.
– Some common examples of resource pools:
• Physical Server Pools:
– These pools consist of networked servers that are pre-installed with operating systems
and other necessary programs or applications, making them ready for immediate use.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 3
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• Virtual Server Pools:
– These pools are typically configured using predefined templates selected by
the cloud consumer during the provisioning process. For instance, a cloud
consumer can create:
 A pool of mid-tier Windows servers with 4 GB of RAM.
 A pool of low-tier Ubuntu servers with 2 GB of RAM.
 This flexibility allows cloud consumers to quickly provision virtual servers
based on their specific requirements.

• Storage Pools (Cloud Storage Device Pools):

 These pools are composed of file-based or block-based storage structures
that house cloud storage devices, which can be either empty or filled.
 This architecture enables efficient organization and management of storage
resources for cloud environments

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 4
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• Network Pools
– consist of preconfigured devices like virtual firewalls or network switches.
– Used for redundancy, load balancing, and link aggregation to ensure efficient network
performance

• CPU Pools
– consist of individual processing cores.
– These cores are ready to be allocated to virtual servers for processing tasks.

• Memory Pool
– RAM Pools can be allocated to newly provisioned physical servers.
– They can also be used to vertically scale existing physical servers, enhancing their
performance.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 5
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• Dedicated Pools can be established for each type of IT resource, such as CPUs,
RAM, or storage.
• Individual pools can be grouped into a larger pool, with each becoming a sub-pool
within that structure.

• A sample resource pool that is comprised of four sub-pools of CPUs,

memory, cloud storage devices, and virtual network devices.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 6
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• Resource Pools can be complex, with multiple pools tailored for specific cloud
consumers or applications.
• A hierarchical structure can be created, forming parent, sibling, and nested
pools to effectively organize diverse resource pooling needs.

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Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 7
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• In the nested pool model, larger pools are divided into smaller pools that group the
same type of IT resources.
• After defining resource pools, multiple instances of IT resources can be created to
form an in-memory pool of “live” IT resources.

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Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 8
 Resource Pooling Resource Pooling Architecture
Architecture
• Additional Mechanisms in Cloud Architecture
– Audit Monitor:
• Monitors resource pool usage to ensure compliance with privacy and regulatory requirements,
especially for cloud storage devices or data in memory.
– Cloud Usage Monitor:
• Tracks runtime usage and synchronization of pooled IT resources and underlying management
systems.
– Hypervisor:
• Provides virtual servers with access to resource pools and hosts both virtual servers and the resource
pools.
– Logical Network Perimeter:
• Organizes and isolates resource pools logically.
– Pay-Per-Use Monitor:
• Collects usage and billing information on how cloud consumers allocate and use IT resources from
various pools.
– Remote Administration System:
• Interfaces with backend systems to offer resource pool administration features via a front-end portal.
– Resource Management System:
• Supplies tools and permission management for cloud consumers to administer resource pools.
– Resource Replication:
• Generates new instances of IT resources for resource pools.
Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 9
 Resource Pooling Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
 Dynamic Scalability • Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
– is an architectural model that uses predefined scaling conditions to
trigger the dynamic allocation of IT resources from resource pools.
– This dynamic allocation allows for variable utilization based on usage
demand fluctuations, efficiently reclaiming unnecessary IT resources
without manual intervention.
– An automated scaling listener is set up with workload thresholds that
determine when additional IT resources need to be added to processing.
– This mechanism can include logic to decide how many extra IT
resources can be dynamically allocated based on the terms of the cloud
consumer's provisioning contract.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 10
 Resource Pooling Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
 Dynamic Scalability • Types of Dynamic Scaling
Architecture
 Types of Dynamic – Dynamic Horizontal Scaling:
Scaling • Involves scaling IT resource instances out (adding) and in (removing) to manage
fluctuating workloads.
• An automatic scaling listener monitors requests and signals resource replication for
IT resource duplication as needed.
– Dynamic Vertical Scaling:
• Involves adjusting the processing capacity of a single IT resource by scaling it up
(adding resources) or down (removing resources).
• For example, a virtual server experiencing high load can have its memory increased
or a processing core added.
– Dynamic Relocation:
• Involves moving an IT resource to a host with greater capacity.
• For instance, a database might be moved from a tape-based SAN storage device
with lower I/O capacity to a disk-based SAN storage device with higher I/O
capacity.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 11
 Resource Pooling Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
 Dynamic Scalability • the process of dynamic horizontal scaling
Architecture
 Types of Dynamic – Cloud service consumers are sending requests to a cloud service (1).
Scaling – The automated scaling listener monitors the cloud service to determine
if predefined capacity thresholds are being exceeded (2).

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 12
 Resource Pooling Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
 Dynamic Scalability – The number of requests coming from cloud service consumers increases (3).
Architecture – The workload exceeds the performance thresholds. The automated scaling listener
 Types of Dynamic determines the next course of action based on a predefined scaling policy (4).
Scaling – If the cloud service implementation is deemed eligible for additional scaling, the
automated scaling listener initiates the scaling process (5).

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 13
 Resource Pooling Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
 Dynamic Scalability – The automated scaling listener sends a signal to the resource replication mechanism (6),
Architecture – which creates more instances of the cloud service (7).
 Types of Dynamic – Now that the increased workload has been accommodated, the automated scaling listener resumes
monitoring and detracting and adding IT resources, as required (8).
Scaling

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 14
 Resource Pooling Dynamic Scalability Architecture
Architecture
 Dynamic Scalability • Besides the core automated scaling listener and resource replication
Architecture mechanisms, the following mechanisms can also be used in this form of cloud
 Types of Dynamic architecture:
Scaling – Cloud Usage Monitor
• Specialized cloud usage monitors can track runtime usage in response to
dynamic fluctuations caused by this architecture.
– Hypervisor
• The hypervisor is invoked by a dynamic scalability system to create or
remove virtual server instances, or to be scaled itself.
– Pay-Per-Use Monitor
• The pay-per-use monitor is engaged to collect usage cost information in
response to the scaling of IT resources.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 15
 Summary on Fundamental Cloud Architectures
,

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 16
 References

1. Thomas Erl, Ricardo Puttini, Zaigham Mahmood, “Cloud Computing:

Concepts, Technology & Architecture”, PHI Publications, 2013.

Mrs. T. Ramathulasi; School of Computer Science and Engineering 04/11/25 06:08 Slide No. 17