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Depressive Disoder

The document provides an overview of depressive disorders, including definitions, etiology, classification, and treatment options. It highlights the prevalence of major depressive disorder and associated factors such as biological, genetic, and psychosocial influences. Additionally, it discusses various types of depressive disorders and their specific characteristics, as well as the importance of differential diagnosis and treatment approaches.

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dillasemera2014
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20 views32 pages

Depressive Disoder

The document provides an overview of depressive disorders, including definitions, etiology, classification, and treatment options. It highlights the prevalence of major depressive disorder and associated factors such as biological, genetic, and psychosocial influences. Additionally, it discusses various types of depressive disorders and their specific characteristics, as well as the importance of differential diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Uploaded by

dillasemera2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Depressive

disorders

04/10/2025 1
Introduction
 Mood can be defined as a pervasive and
sustained emotion or feeling tone that
influences a person’s behavior and colors his
or her perception of being in the world.

A variety of adjectives are used to describe


mood:- depressed, sad, empty, melancholic,
distressed, irritable, disconsolate, elated,
euphoric, manic, gleeful, and many others,
all descriptive in nature.

04/10/2025 2
Etiology

 Biological factors
 Biogenic amines
 Genetic Factors
 Family studies:
▪ One parent, 10 -25 and if both 2x
▪ Twins studies, MZ: 70-90 and DZ: 16-35
 Psychosocial factors
▪ Unemployment
▪ Loss spouse
▪ Loss of family
04/10/2025 3
General truth

 2/3rd have suicidal ideation


 10 to 15% commit suicide
 97% report reduced energy
 90% have anxiety
 50% deny depressed feeling
 10% has poverty of thought
 75 % cognitive impairment
 Substance use = Depr. : Bip. = 27:61

04/10/2025 4
Perceptual Disturbances

 Delusions and hallucinations that are


consistent with a depressed mood
are said to be mood congruent.
 If it is mood incongruent, do not
diagnose depression  schizophrenia

04/10/2025 5
Classification
1. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
2. Major depressive disorder
3. Persistent depressive disorder
4. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
5. Substance/medication-induced
depressive disorder
6. Depressive disorder due to another
medical condition
7. Other specified depressive disorder, and
8. Unspecified depressive disorder.

04/10/2025 6
Depressive disorders,
cont’d…
 The common feature of all of these disorders
is the presence of
 Sad
 Empty
 Irritable mood
 Accompanied by related changes that
significantly affect the individual’s capacity to
function (e.g., somatic and cognitive
changes in major depressive disorder and
persistent depressive disorder).
 What differs among them are issues of
duration, timing, or presumed etiology 7
04/10/2025
1. Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation Disorder

04/10/2025 8
1. Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation Disorder, con’d..

04/10/2025 9
1. Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation Disorder, con’d..

04/10/2025 10
2. Major Depressive
Disorder
 17 % - Life time prevalence MDD
 F:M = 2:1
 20 – 50 age common
 Common for divorced/separated
 Common for rural areas than urban

04/10/2025 11
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 12
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 13
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 14
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 15
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…
 Development and Course
 May first appear at any age
 But the likelihood of onset increases
markedly with puberty
 Incidence appears to peak in the 20s
 The course of depression may reflect
social-structural adversity associated with
poverty, racism, and marginalization.

04/10/2025 16
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…
 Risk and Prognostic Factors
 Temperamental --- Negative affectivity
 Environmental --- life events, sex, socio-
economic, work types….
 Genetic and physiological----First-degree
family members

04/10/2025 17
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…
 Differential Diagnosis
 Manic episodes with irritable mood or with
mixed features
 Bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, or other
specified bipolar and related disorder
 Depressive disorder due to another medical
condition
 Substance/medication-induced depressive
disorder
 Persistent depressive disorder
 Schizoaffective disorder
04/10/2025 18
2. Major Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…
 Treatment
 Antidepressants
▪ TCAs
▪ SSRAIs
 Antipsychotic --- when needed (with
psychotic feature)
 Psychotherapy
▪ CBT,….

04/10/2025 19
3. Persistent Depressive
Disorder

04/10/2025 20
3. Persistent Depressive
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 21
4. Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder

04/10/2025 22
4. Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 23
4. Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder, cont’d…

04/10/2025 24
5. Substance/Medication-
Induced Depressive Disorder

04/10/2025 25
5. Substance/Medication-
Induced Depressive Disorder,
cont’d..

04/10/2025 26
6. Depressive Disorder Due
to Another Medical Condition

04/10/2025 27
7. Other Specified
Depressive Disorder
 Clinically significant distress or impairment
in social, occupational, or other important
areas of functioning predominate
 But do not meet the full criteria for any of
the disorders in the depressive disorders
 The clinician chooses to communicate
the specific reason that the presentation
does not meet the criteria for any specific
depressive disorder

04/10/2025 28
7. Other Specified
Depressive Disorder, cont’d…
 Examples:
 Recurrent brief depression
 Depressive episode with insufficient
symptoms

04/10/2025 29
8. Unspecified Depressive
Disorder
 Cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of
functioning predominate
 But do not meet the full criteria for any
of the disorders in the depressive
disorders
 The clinician chooses not to specify
the reason that the criteria are not met
for a specific depressive disorder
 e.g., in emergency room settings
04/10/2025 30
Individual Assignment
(Submit before exam)
1. Ethiology of depressive disorders
2. Prevalence of each depressive
disorders
3. Differential diagnosis of depressive
disorders
4. Specifiers
5. Treatment of each depressive
disorders
6. Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5
04/10/2025 31
Thanks!

04/10/2025 32

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