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Lec 04-05

This document provides an overview of C++ programming, including its history, basic structure, and key features such as object-oriented programming. It discusses the role of pre-processor directives, the main function, and the use of namespaces in C++. Additionally, it explains the compilation process and the types of data supported by C++.

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11 views14 pages

Lec 04-05

This document provides an overview of C++ programming, including its history, basic structure, and key features such as object-oriented programming. It discusses the role of pre-processor directives, the main function, and the use of namespaces in C++. Additionally, it explains the compilation process and the types of data supported by C++.

Uploaded by

hijabmemon03
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Oriented Programming:

C++
Lecture – 4-5

C++ Programming Basics


Lecture Outline

• Getting started
– C and C++
– Basic program construction
– Data types
– Library functions
C++
• C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general purpose, case-sensitive
programming language that support procedural, object oriented &
generic purpose.
• C++ Development started in 1979.
• During the creation of Ph.D. thesis, Bjarne Stroustrup worked with
language called Simula.
• Simula was first language to support object-oriented programming
paradigm
• Bjarne Stroustrup identified that this OOP features can be
included in the software development.
• After that Bjarne Stroustrup started working on the C language
and added more extra OOP features to the classic C.
C++
• In this way, C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in
Murray hills

• In 1983, it was renamed from C with Classes to C++

• In C we have already used increment operator (++). Therefore we


called C++ as “Incremented C” means Extension to C.
Creator of C++

Bjarne Stroustrup
C and C++
– C++ is advanced version of C language
– Every correct statement in C is also a correct statement in C++
– C++ contains all the features of C language and additionally
contains many other object oriented features like classes,
objects, inheritance and so on.
Functions
– A C++ program may consist of many functions, classes, and other
program elements.

– The first statement executed in any C++ program is at the beginning of


a function called main()
– On start-up control always goes to main(). The program may report an
error if there is no function called main()
Getting Started
#include <iostream> Pre-processor
#include <conio.h> directive
the using directive
using namespace std;
Function
return main function
type
int main()
string constant
{
cout << “Welcome to C++”;
output stream getch(); getch function that keeps
object
} output visible on screen
Output Using cout
– The statement
cout << “Welcome to C++”;
causes the phrase in quotation marks to be displayed on the

screen.
– cout is predefined object that redirects the stream (flow of
data) to output device. cout is predefined in C++ library.
– The operator << is called the insertion or put-to operator. It
directs the contents of the variable on its right to the object on
its left.
Pre-processor Directives

Pre-processor directive header/include file

#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>

– Program instruction (which end with semicolon) are


instructions to the computer to do something; pre-processor
directives are instruction to the compiler.
– A part of the compiler called the pre-processor deals with
these directives before it begins the real compilation process.
– #include tells the compiler to insert another file into your
source file.
– The type file included by #include is called a header/include file
Pre-processor Directives

Pre-processor directive header/include file

#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
• header/include file:
– iostream is an example of a header file.
– The pre-processor directive #include tells the compiler to add the
source file iostream to the source file before compiling.
– iostream is concerned with basic input/output operations and
contains declarations that are needed by the cout and <<
(insertion operator).
– Without iostream compiler won’t regonize cout and << and will
generate an error message.
– iostream file can be found in the include directory of C++
compiler
The using Directive
the using directive using namespace std;

– A C++ program may be divided into different namespaces


– A namespace is a part of the program in which certain names
are recognized; outside of the namespace they are unknown.
– The directive using namespace std; says that all the program
statements that follow are within the std namespace. Various
program components such as cout are declared within this
namespace.
– If we didn’t use the using directive, we would need to add the
std name to many program elements:
std::cout<< “Welcome to C++”
The using Directive
the using directive using namespace std;

std::cout<< “Welcome to C++”


What is a Compiler?
• A program written in a high level language is called the “source code”,
and it does not make sense to a computer.
• The computer understands only one language –the “machine code”.
• Thus, the source-code must be translated into machine code. The
translation process is called compilation and the program is called
compiler.
• This compiled program can then be run/executed. So, on a computer
you can use any programming language for which the computer has a
compiler.

– C++ provides integer, floating-point numbers, and character variable types

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