Different types of

computers
Presentation by (Mukundha)
class 6 "e" cbse
AGENDA

• At the end of this presentation you

will learn about different kinds of
computers and their examples
• Computer languages and their
generations
• Language translators and their
types
Different
Microcomputer
computers are :-

Minicomputer
A2783@a
Mainframe
computers

Super computers
About microcomputers

A microcomputer is a small, relatively

inexpensive computer having a central
processing unit (CPU) made out of a
microprocessor. The computer also
includes memory and input/output (I/O)
circuitry together mounted on a printed
circuit board (PCB) Microcomputers
became popular in the 1970s and 1980s
with the advent of increasingly powerful
microprocessors.
Features of microcomputers
FEATURES :-
. It is an single used device
 They have storage memory in the form of ram (random access
memory ) and rom(read only memory ).
 They contains a microprocessor or a central processing unit CPU on a
microchip
 They are used in hotels , schools , shops , offices etc
 They are least expensive
Examples of
microcomputers

• Desktop computers , laptops or

notebook computers , tablet
Pc's , Smartphones, smart books and
PDA's (personal digital assistants ) ,
Game consoles such as CD players,
Blu ray – disc players , set – top
boxes and more
About minicomputers
• A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller
general purpose computers that developed in the mid
1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-
size computers.
• It is a size of refrigerator and are more powerful than
microcomputers . It is mostly used for scientific and
engineering computations and purposes
Features of
minicomputers and
their examples
• FEATURES -
• This device is used by many people
• It has greater storage capacity than a
microcomputer
• It is also used as network and internet
server
• Examples – SPARC , POWER
Architecture and Itanium - based
systems from sun Microsystem , ,
PDP – 11 , data General , Nova
About main frame computers
 A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron,
is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical
applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses,
industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning,
and large-scale transaction processing.
 If you ever used an automated teller machine (ATM )to
interact with your bank account and retrieve money then you
have used a mainframe computer
Features of mainframe computers
They are faster, more powerful and more expensive than
microcomputers or minicomputers.
They can support hundreds or thousands of users ,
handling massive amounts of input , output ad storage.
They are used in large organizations such as banks and
government offices where many users need access to
shared data and programs
Examples of mainframe computers
• Mainframe computer examples are :- VAX 8842, CDC
6600 ,IBM 4381 , system z9 and z10 servers , UNIVAC ,
general electric and RCA , NCR and more are the
common examples for mainframe computers
About super computers

• Supercomputers are the most

powerful of all computers. They are
huge in size and are expensive but
can do complex mathematical
operations and calculations with
great speed .
Supercomputers execute programs
at the fastest speed.
Features of super computers and
examples
FEATURES -
 They are faster , more powerful and more expensive from
other types of computers
They are used in weather forecasting , Nuclear energy
research, petroleum exploration and in many such fields .
Examples - CRAY XT5 –HE , India's PARAM , IBM – BLUE gene/p
computer etc -
Computer language and its types
It is a language created to instruct computer to perform a particular task
Types of programming languages
1GL – machine language binary codes 0s and 1s
2GL – Assembly languages – mnemonics
3GL – High level languages Fortan , Pascal , C , C++ , BASIC , Java
4GL – Very High Level Languages – Access , APL
5GL – Very High level Languages – Used for artificial intelligence
First Generation Computer Language
–Machine language
• First generation language (1 GL ) essentially a machine
language. Instruction are given in machine code , In the
form of a long string of 0s and 1s
Advantage and disadvantage of
Machine Language
• ADVANTAGE-
• It is very fast as it is executed directly by the CPU .
• There is no need for translation
• DISADVANTAGE -
• The simplest of Instructions need lengthy coding and programming
• Programs written for one machine do not work on a different or
newer model .
Second Generation Language –
assembly language . Advantages
and disadvantages
 Assembly language second computer generation language
uses mnemonics (simple abbreviated codes ) to represent
operators , memory locations of data etc ..
 ADVANTAGES-
 It is better than 1 GL .
 It is easy to identify errors and rectify them in 2GL
 It can be easily modified
Advantages of assembly languages
§ ADVANTAGES-
§ It is better than 1 GL .
§ It is easy to identify errors and rectify them in 2GL
§ It can be easily modified
Disadvantage of assembly language
• It needs an extra program , called assembler to translate
the program into a machine language .
• It is specific to particular computer .
• It does not reduce the size of a program.
• A line of assembly code usually is translated into a line
of machine code.
Third language (3 GL ) - high level
language
• A third-generation programming language (3GL) is
a high-level computer programming language that
tends to be more machine-independent and
programmer-friendly than the machine code of the first-
generation and assembly languages of the second-
generation, while having a less specific focus to the
fourth and fifth generations.
Examples of high – level languages
are explained below :-
• FORmula TRANslation (FORTAN) : it is a language used
primarily by the scientific community to solve scientific
and mathematical problems .
• Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL) : it is a
language that has gained immense popularity in
commercial establishments
About Fourth Generation language
(4gl)
• A fourth-generation programming language (4GL) is any
computer programming language that belongs to a class of
languages envisioned as an advancement upon third-
generation programming languages (3GL). Each of the
programming language generations aims to provide a higher
level of abstraction of the internal computer hardware details,
making the language more programmer-friendly, powerful, and
versatile.
 Database
GUI /Web
Query language
development
: Structured
tools :- Cold
Query language
Some (SQL),Natural
fusion

common
example of Ruby :-Ruby is
(4gl) are :- Report
an interpreted,
high-level,
Generators :-
general-
Report Builder,
purpose
Oracle Reports
programming
language.
Fifth A fifth-generation programming language (5GL) is any
programming language based on problem-solving using
constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm

generation written by a programmer. Most constraint-based and logic

programming languages and some other declarative languages
are fifth-generation languages.

language
(5GL)
These type of languages are used in research work on artificial
intelligence

Prolog , OPS5 and mercury are some example of fifth generation

languages.
 A Translator is a software that
translates a computer program written
in one programming language to
Computer another.
Language
Translators Examples of translators include
interpreters and compilers

Both compilers and interpreters are

program
that convert program written in high -
level language into machine code which
is understood by the computer and
execute the program
About Interpreter

 Translates the program one

statement at a time
 If the encounters an error in
the program , it stops until
the error has been rectified.
So, fixing errors in the
program is easy
 About compiler

Click to add• text

Scans the enter program and
translates it as whole program into
machine code.
• It generates the error message only
after scanning the whole program.
Hence, debugging or fixing program
errors is comparatively hard .