Structure 2 : CONJUNCTIONS

Pertemuan 2 : 11 Maret 2012 Ai Melani

[email protected]

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan

Introductions
Conjuntions:Kata Penghubung

1. Coordinate conjuntions

2. Correlative conjunctions

3. Subordinate conjuctions

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1

Coordinate Conjunctions

TIU: Coordinate Conjunctions (CC)

Coordinate conjuctions menghubungkan part of sentences

Coordinate conjuntions menggabungkan phrases

Coordinate conjunctions menggunakan dalam compound sentences

Coordinate Conjunctions
And

But
Or Yet So For

Coordinate Conjunctions (CC)

Structural Unit Joined By Coordinate Conjunctions Functional Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions

Structural Unit Joined By Coordinate Conjunctions

Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adjective (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan) Phrases Joined by CC: menghubungkan dua frasa atau lebih. Frasa adalah kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan tidak punya subjek, predikat maupun pelengkap.

Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent clause dan independent clauses.

Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adje ctive (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan). Noun
Anton and Toni Table and chair Books and Pencils Paper, cloth, or wood Children, men and woman

verb
Slipped and fell Jumped and ran Type and Print Listen,write or read Sing,dance, and play

Adjectives
Tall and slim Stupid but beautiful Small or tall Happy, cheer, or melancholy Cheap,economi cal, or expensive

Adverb
Slowly and carefully Quickly but quietly Late or early Clearly, loudly or intelligently Always,often or never

Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adje ctive (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan).
Toni and anton fought each other in a dual The artist used paper, cloth, and wood to make her

collage The old woman slipped and feel in the pavement The thief move quickly and quietly I will inform you if and when he comes Shinta is beautiful, diligent, and intelligent Ani is beautiful, diligent, but stupid Is this dictionary mine or yours?

Phrases Joined by CC: menghubungkan dua frasa atau lebih. Frasa adalah kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan tidak punya subjek , predikat maupun pekengkap. Bisa menggunakan and, or dan but
The choir sang the traditional songs and the national

anthem beautifully. He occupied his time in writing poetry, composing music, and playing the piano. Are they studying English, typing his project, or playing games on a computer? My big brother, my mother, and my little sister look alike. Did the students study in the classroom or under the trees? Eating healthy food and drinking mineral water is supposed to be good for you.

Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent t clause dan independent clauses.

CC yang digunakan untuk menggabungkan dependent clauses adalah and, or dan but
He married a woman who was very intelligent and

charming, but who could not cook at all. He is not very happy although he has a beautiful house, and although he has a lot of money. I will go with you after I have finished my work, or after I have my lunch.

Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent clause dan independent clauses.

CC yang digunakan untuk menggabungkan independent clauses adalah and,or,but,yet,so dan for
Cinderella thought the prince had forgotten her, but he

had not. The t-shirt is too small for you,yet it fits nicely to me. The teacher finished teaching, and she went to home.

Functional Unit Joined By Coordinate Conjunctions

Compound Subjects
Compound Predicate Compound Object Compound modifier

Compound Subjects.
Amir and Sani are from west Java

His house and my house are near.

How he looks or where he come from does not important to me.

Who he is or what he is does not matter too much for me

Compound Predicate. Kan

They cook,eat and sleep in the same room.

They read and write in English.

He took a bath,dressed up and went to

school.

Compound Object.
He bought a pen and a pencil

He looked everywhere for his key and wallet.

He said he was tired and he was going to

bed. Indah went to Korea with her friend and her boyfriend.

Singular or plural??
Compound subject yang digabungkan dengan and memerlukan kata kerja jamak.
Amir and maruli are from north Sumatra. Dog and cats often do not get along.

Tetapi apabila compound subject merupakan satu unit atau singular maka predikatnya bentuk tunggal/singular.
Bread and butter is fattening, The tea and coffee is used up.

Singular or plural??
Compound subject yang digabungkan dengan or maka kata kerja yg digunakan adalah bentuk tunggal apabila unit yg digabung bentuk tunggal.
Suci or Amin fails the test

Mr.Dahlan or his wife is mistaken

Tetapi apabila unit yg digabung dengan or mempunyai jumlah yg berbeda maka kata kerjanya disesuaikan dg unit yg terdekat.
The players or the referee is mistaken The referee or the players are mistaken

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 2 Subordinate Conjunctions

TIU: Subordinate Conjunctions (SC)

SCDigunakan dalam kalimat SCDigunakan dalam prepositions SCDigunakan dalam adverb SCDigunakan dalam Interrogative pronouns

Subordinate Conjunctions (SC)

1

Single-word subordinate Conjunctions Two-word Conjunctions Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases Split conjunctions

Single word subordinate conjunctions

Adalah kata penghubung yang digunakan untuk

menghubungkan dependent clauses dengan main/independent clauses. (menghubungkan anak kalimat dengan induk kalimat)

After, Although, As, before,

because, if, once, since, though, till, that, until, unless, whenever, whereas, while.

Example

time
place cause Contrast
Conditions

After, as, before,once, since, till, untill, when (ever), while When(ever)

As, because, since

Although, though,whereas, while Il, unles, when purpose

Purpose

Two-word Conjunctions
Subordinate conjunctions yang terdiri dari dua kata.

inasmuch as, as if,

assuming (that), if only, in case, provided/providing that, so that, as though, only if

Example

cause condition manner Contrast purpose result

Inasmuch as, now (that) Provided/providing (that),if only, in case, only if

As if, as though
Assuming that So that So that

Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases

Prepositional phrase +as : as far

as, as long as
Prepositional phrase +that: for the

purpose that, in order that, ..

Prepositional phrase +the fact

that: because of the fact that..

Split conjunctions
Kata penghubung terpisah terdiri dari dua bagian yang

terpisahkan dengan kata sifat, kata keterangan atau kata ganti.

So .that Such.that Such (a)that As/so..as

-er
Morethan less

Example

result
Positive degree
Comparative degree

Sothat, suchthat, such(a).that

As/soas

-er, more..than,less

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 3 Correlative Conjunctions

TIU: Correlative Conjuctions

CorrCDigunakan dalam kalimat

Menyesuaikan subjek dengan predikat dalam kalimat menggunakan correlative (Paired) conjunctions

Correlative (paired) conjunctions

Both..and Not only..but also Either..or Neithernor

Example
Both my father and my mother were in

Korea last week. Both ani and her friend are a liar. Not only my father but also my mother was in korea last week. Neither my sister nor my parents are here. Neither my parents nor my sister is here. She likes either coffee or tea.