Knowing and
Understanding
Oneself during
Middle and Late
Adolescence
WHO AM I?
DO I KNOW
MYSELF?
WHAT DO I WANT
FOR
MY LIFE?
IDENTITY CRISIS
ROLE CONFUSION
IDEAL IMAGE
INCONGRUENT SELF
IMAGE
SELF CONCEPT
CARL ROGERS (1959)
01 03
02
SELF IMAGE IDEAL-SELF
SELF-ESTEEM
SELF CONCEPT
CARL ROGERS (1959)
01 Is the one that you actually see it. It is the
self that has characteristics that you were
nurtured or, in some cases, born to have.
Influence of parents, friends, media and
others.
Physical, personality and social role
SELF IMAGE
SELF CONCEPT
CARL ROGERS (1959)
02 If you have a healthy self-esteem, you feel
good abut yourself and see yourself as
deserving the respect of others. When you
have low self – esteem, you put little
value on your opinions and ideas.
Self - esteem
SELF CONCEPT
CARL ROGERS (1959)
03 Is an idealized version of yourself
created out of what you have learned
from your life experience, the
demands of society, and what you
admire in your role models.
Ideal - self
self-concept
Self - image Ideal - self
Per s o n a l
eff ec t i v en e s s
Personal effectiveness
means making use of all
the personal resources –
talents, skills, energy, and
time, to able you to
achieve life goals.
e rm i n a t i o n
1. det
It allows you to focus only
on achieving a specific
goal without being
distracted by less
important things or
spontaneous desires.
l f - c o n fi d en c e
2. S e
It appears in the process
of personal development,
as a result of getting
aware of yourself, your
actions and their
consequences.
3. p er s i s t e n c e
It makes you keep moving
forward regardless of
emerging obstacles-
problems, laziness, bad
emotional state, etc.
a n a g i n g s t res s
4. M
It helps combat stress
that arises in daily life
from the environment and
other people.
ro b l e m - s o l v i n g
5. p
s ki l l s
They help to cope with
the problems encountered
with a lack of experience.
6. c re a t i v i t y
It allows you to find
extraordinary ways to
carry out a specific action
that no one tried to use.
n e ra t i n g i d e a s
7. G e
It helps you achieve goals
using new, original,
unconventional ideas.
introd u c t i o n
Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood
and adulthood. Children who are entering adolescence are
going through many changes (physical, intellectual,
personality and social developmental). Adolescence begins
at puberty, which now occurs earlier, on average, than in
the past. The end of adolescence is tied to social and
emotional factors and can be somewhat ambiguous
(Cleveland Clinic, 2018). Adolescence is divided into three
stages: early (12-14 years), middle (15-17 years), and late
(18-20years). Module 1 will focus on knowing and
understanding oneself during middle and late adolescence
stages.
d l e Ad o l e s c en t
M i d
The physical changes from puberty continue during the
middle stage. Most male may have some voice cracking.
Some develop acne. For females, physical change is almost
complete, and girls have regular period. This stage is
crucial for the middle adolescents for the following
reasons:
1. They may start questioning and exploring their sexual
identity which is stressful if they do not get support from
peers, family, or community. At the same time many teens
become interested in romantic and sexual relationships.
d l e Ad o l e s c en t
M i d
2. Many middle adolescents have more arguments with
their parents as they struggle for more
independence. They may spend less time with their family
and more time with friends. Peer pressure is
at peak during this time, and they are concerned about
their looks.
d l e Ad o l e s c en t
M i d
3. The brain continues to change and mature in this stage, but
there are still many differences in how a normal middle
adolescent thinks compare to an adult. This is due to frontal
lobes, the last area of the brain to mature. The frontal lobes are
responsible in coordinating complex decision making, impulse
control, and being able to consider multiple options and
consequences. The development of a person will be complete
until a person reaches into his/her 20s. Middle adolescents are
able to think abstractly and consider the “big picture,” but they
do not have enough ability to apply it in the moment. A student
may think that there is no problem skipping in a class since s/he
can learn easily. Middle adolescents may be able to apply the
logic in avoiding risks in this situation, but strong emotions often
continue to drive their decisions due to impulses.
d o l e s c e n t s
La te A
Late adolescence is the period of development in a person’s life
from ages 18-24 wherein person becomes a young adult. This is
the hardest of the three periods of adolescence because of the
significant changes that a young adult experience. A high school
student may say goodbye to some of his/her friends who will go
to another school or entering a career. In college the
environment is totally different. Young adult may have to learn
how to live on their own for the first time, in a dorm with the
same age of people. After graduating college some may have
found some person, they want to spend the rest of their life and
start a family. All of this can happen in late adolescence.
d o l e s c e n t s
La te A
Young adults usually have more impulse control and able to see risks
and reward accurately. They reasoned logically for they already knew
the reward of their actions. Instead of watching their favourite you
tube channel, they would choose to study for their finals. Teens
entering early adulthood have a stronger sense of
their own identity now and can identify their own values. They may
become more focused on the future and base
decisions on their hopes and ideals. Friendships and romantic
relationships become more stable. They become
more emotionally and physically separated from their family.
Co u r se o f L a te
T he n t
ce D e v e l o p m e
Ado lescen
Just like the other stages of adolescence, some
changes are going on in a person's development
during late adolescence. Everything on your
physical, social, emotional and intellectual
levels is in flux. No wonder young adults tend to
be so stressed out!
y s i c a l C h a n g e s
P h
By the time a person has reached late
adolescence, physical changes for the most
part, have finally settled
down. By this time, the reproductive system of
a young adult has fully matured, and capable of
having a family.
l C h a n g e s
So c ia
Adolescence is tough on the family for some reasons,
mainly because the child's life no longer revolves
around his family and is instead widening to include
friendships with their peers and even other adults, like a
teacher or coach. Eventually, friendships turn to romances,
as the teen's emotions mature and he or she can fall
in love with another person.
t i o n a l C h a n g es
Em o
While young adults, just like a young teen, may not be
overly affectionate toward their parents and will
probably spend more time with friends, it's less of an act of
rebellion and more an evolution of the natural state
of things. More so in early adolescence, but also present in
late adolescence, is the constant struggle to balance
the safety and security of home with the unyielding desire
to get out there into the wide open world and discover
life for themselves.
c t u a l C h a n g e s
in t el l e
Young adults have come to understand and embrace
subtlety. In being able to see things from a different
perspective, they are better equipped to solve more
complex problems, and get better at perceiving what others
may be thinking. However, because these tools are fairly
new, they don't get good at practicing them. This is why
teens in late adolescence tend to act seemingly without
thinking in certain situations
e A d o l e sc e n c e
L at
Mil e st o n e s
Once the adolescents entered to being young adults, there
are certain milestones that they should be
able to check.
Em o t i o n a l
Miles t o n e s
By now, young adults should be able to take pride in their
work. They should be more emotionally stable,
care more about those around them, and have an improved
sense of self.
l M i l e s t o n e s
So c ia
By now, people from this stage should be able to trust
themselves to make the right decision when called
upon in a particular situation. The rebellious phase should
have outgrown and can now enjoy time with parents
again.
t a l M i l es t o n es
M en
By now, young adults should be able to set reasonable goals
for themselves and plan a strategy that will
help them reach those goals. They should have a good idea,
and a deeper connection to the issues that they will
become passionate about (e.g., pro-choice vs. pro-life,
environmental activism, etc.).
t a l M i l es t o n es
M en
As for physical changes, by this point, a girl, should have
fully developed. A boy will continue to gain both
height and weight, as well as body hair and muscle mass.
Sometimes girls beat the boys when it comes to how
fast they develop. Of course, it is important to understand
that no two people are the same. So while these may
be the average age ranges for these milestones and
developments to occur, what happens to one person at 18
years old may not happen for another until much later.
T H AN K
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