Understanding Cancer:

Types and Focus on

Breast cancer occurs when normal cells in the breast start to

grow uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation.

Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer can develop in different parts of the breast,

disease.
Types of Breast Cancer
 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
 Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most
common type of breast cancer,
originating in the milk ducts and
invading surrounding tissue.
 Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
 Invasive lobular carcinoma starts in the
lobules and can spread to nearby
tissues, being the second most common
type.
 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
 Ductal carcinoma in situ is a non-
invasive cancer where cells inside the
ducts have changed but haven't spread
to surrounding tissue.
Breast Cancer
 Prevalence of Breast Cancer
 Breast cancer is one of the most
common cancers affecting women
globally, with increasing awareness
and diagnosis.
 Symptoms and Detection
 Common symptoms of breast cancer
include lumps or changes in breast
shape, emphasizing the importance of
regular check-ups.
 Impact on Men
 While breast cancer primarily affects
women, it can also occur in men,
though it is less common.
Stages of Breast Cancer
 Importance of Staging
 Breast cancer staging is essential for
determining the appropriate
treatment plan and predicting
prognosis.
 Localized Tumors
 Early stages of breast cancer involve
localized tumors that have not spread
beyond the breast tissue.
 Advanced Cancer Stages
 Advanced stages of breast cancer
indicate that cancer has spread to
other parts of the body, complicating
treatment.
Causes of Breast Cancer
 Genetic Factors
Role of Genetics

Genetic predisposition is crucial in understanding breast cancer risk factors, influencing how individuals may develop the

disease.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, highlighting the importance of

genetic testing.
Lifestyle and Environmental
Factors
 Impact of Alcohol Consumption
 High alcohol consumption has been
linked to an increased risk of breast
cancer, necessitating moderation in
drinking habits.
 Obesity and Physical Activity
 Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle can
elevate breast cancer risk; promoting
regular physical activity is crucial for
health.
 Environmental Exposures
 Certain environmental factors may also
contribute to breast cancer risk,
highlighting the importance of
awareness and prevention.
Other Risk Factors
 Age as a Risk Factor
 As women age, the risk of developing
breast cancer increases significantly,
especially after age 50.
 Family History
 Having a family history of breast
cancer can increase an individual's
risk due to genetic predispositions.
 Hormonal Factors
 Hormonal factors, including hormone
replacement therapy, can also
contribute to an increased risk of
breast cancer.
 Previous Radiation Therapy
 Individuals who have undergone
radiation therapy to the chest area
have an elevated risk of developing
breast cancer.
Symptoms of Breast
Cancer
Common
Symptoms
Lump in the Breast

A noticeable lump in the breast can be one of the first signs of breast cancer and should be checked by a

doctor.

Changes in Breast Shape

Any significant changes in breast shape or contour can be a potential indicator of breast cancer.

Unusual Nipple Discharge

Unusual discharge from the nipple can occur and may signal underlying health issues, including breast

cancer.
Early Signs Vs. Advanced
Symptoms
Subtle Early Signs

Early signs of breast cancer can be subtle, such as small lumps or minor changes in skin texture, requiring careful observation.

Impact of Advanced Symptoms

Advanced symptoms of breast cancer may indicate metastasis, such as experiencing bone pain or significant weight loss,

highlighting the disease's progression.