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Writing A Research Proposal 2024

The document outlines the essential components of writing a research proposal, including the distinction between a topic and a title, the importance of a problem statement, and the formulation of a hypothesis. It emphasizes the significance of a literature review, research methodology, and the need to define research aims, objectives, and questions. Additionally, it highlights the importance of acknowledging limitations and providing a structured outline of chapters along with a bibliography.

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Andziso Cairo
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16 views29 pages

Writing A Research Proposal 2024

The document outlines the essential components of writing a research proposal, including the distinction between a topic and a title, the importance of a problem statement, and the formulation of a hypothesis. It emphasizes the significance of a literature review, research methodology, and the need to define research aims, objectives, and questions. Additionally, it highlights the importance of acknowledging limitations and providing a structured outline of chapters along with a bibliography.

Uploaded by

Andziso Cairo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOPIC &
TITLE
• A Topic: is a subject for
discussion. Topical-of present
interest/current events/news.
• A Title: the name of the
book, poem, picture, etc.
Title page – page at the front
of the book giving the title,
the author’s name, etc.
WHAT TO KEEP IN MIND?
• Do not choose a topic (subject) for
which there are no local sources
available and no local expertise.
• Make sure you have access to
adequate library resources.
• Be sure – topic is part of major
debate in your discipline.
• That – the topic is not too narrow
or too wide.
PROPOSED TITLE
• It must be brief and concise-fit onto
the back of the book.
• It must be as informative as
possible.
• It must be honest and realistic.
• It must be linguistically correct and
the spelling must be impeccable.
You should also avoid stating your
title – in the form of a question.
PROPOSED TITLE (Cont.)

• Examples: Here are three examples of


(fictional) titles
• Title 1: Estoppel. Comment: This is
clearly not an acceptable title. It is too
wide to give adequate information about
what is going to be studied.
PROPOSED TITLE (Cont.)

• As it stands, the research


can be about anything
having to do with estoppel
and, as such, does not give
enough information to the
reader.
PROPOSED TITLE (Cont.)

• Title 2: Just
administrative action in
the Johannesburg office of
the Department of Trade
and Industries with
specific reference to the
granting of hawkers
licences to handicapped
PROPOSED TITLE (Cont.)

• Title 3: Choice of law in


transnational business
contracts. Comment: This
is an excellent title – it is brief
and to the point and the
reader immediately knows
exactly what the study is
going to be about.
1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

• Establish the area of research


in which your work belongs
and to provide a context for
the research problem
• Provides information on the
research topic
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Cont…
• In an introduction, the
writer creates:
• Reader interest in the
topic.
• Lays the broad foundation
for the problem that leads
to the study
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Every single piece of research-paper,


article, a dissertation, a mini-
dissertation, thesis or an opinion has a
research proposal or problem statement.
• It determines the success of the research
project.
• When you start a research, you have a
question that you wish to seek an answer
for.
RESEARCH PROBLEM Cont…

• The question leads to a


problem that needs to be
solved by the research
• Begin the research with A
DESCRIPTION OF THE
PROBLEM OR THESIS
STATEMENT
RESEARCH PROBLEM (Cont.)
• Provides structure to the research
paper-reminding the researcher-the
goal of the study.
• Helps-avoid gaps-stating what
should be included or not included.
• Tells-what should be in the text, in
the footnotes and in the conclusion.
3. HYPOTHESIS
• A Hypothesis is merely a tentative
assumption made in order to draw and
test its logical or empirical consequences.
• Hypotheses = assumptions, starting
points of project.
• What you assume to be the case and
what you expect to find.
• A statement to be a hypothesis must be
capable of being tested.
HYPOTHESIS Cont..
• If its validity cannot be put to
empirical confirmation, a proposition,
howsoever attractive or interesting
may be ceases to be a hypothesis.
• The manner in which a hypothesis is
formulated is very important as it
gives significant clues about the kind
of data required, the type of methods
to be used for collecting data, and
the methods of analysis to be used.
HYPOTHESIS Cont…
• It guides the researcher by
delimiting the area of research and
keeps him on the right track
throughout his investigation.
• It sharpens his thinking and focuses
attention on the more important
facets of the problem under inquiry.
• a hypothesis, to be worked with,
needs to be precise, specific, and
conceptually clear.
HYPOTHESIS Cont…

• It is important to note that


hypothesis is not required in
all types of legal research.
• A researcher, for example,
who indulges in exploratory
or descriptive legal research
is not required to formulate
hypothesis.
4. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

• Why your research is


important and what
contributions will it give to
the field.
• State how your findings CAN
MAKE THE DIFFERENCE AND
WHY is IMPORTANT that the
research be carried out.
5. RESEARCH AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES

• The primary focus of your


research project is usually
expressed in terms of
aims and objectives.
AIMS
• State what your research hopes
to accomplish
• An intention or aspiration; what
you hope to achieve.
• Aims are statements of intent,
written in broad terms.
• Aims set out what you hope to
achieve at the end of the project.
OBJECTIVES
• A goal or a step on the way to
meeting the aim; how you will
achieve it.
•Objectives use specific
statements which define
measurable outcomes. For
example: what steps will you
take to achieve the desired
outcome?
6. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• A research question guides and
centers your research. It should be
clear and focused.
• A good research question helps to:
• guide the research process
• construct a logical argument
• write a literature review
• plan thesis chapters
• devise efficient search strategies.
7. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Shows that you are aware of the literature
study that is required in your research area.
• Your review a substantial amount of reading
materials before writing your proposal.
• Shows that you have the theoretical
knowledge in your chosen research area.
• By reviewing related literature, it will make
you aware of:
LITERATURE REVIEW CONT…

• Aware of other similar works


that have been done/
conducted.
• Expose methodologies that
have been adopted and which
ones you may use or adapt
• Provides sources of information
that you do not have yet.
LITERATURE REVIEW Cont..
• Main purposes of literature review, thus, are:
• 1. To reveal what has been done and written on the topic in the
past.
• 2. To ‘map’, with their limitations, the used research techniques,
• 3. To know the kind of material/data used and their sources.
• 4. To appreciate adequacy (or otherwise) of the data used for
drawing the conclusions.
• 5. To know the central arguments advanced and the concepts
revealed and discussed earlier.
• 6. To acquaint with the patterns of presentation of these
arguments and the concepts and the relationship established (or
attempted to establish) between these arguments and the
concepts.
• 7. To, in the light of the earlier studies, findings, and the problems
encountered, rephrase, with precision, his research
problem/question, and to devise appropriate research techniques
for smooth operation of his inquiry.
8. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Describe the data that you will use in the


research, the methodology to be adopted and
justify your choice of methodology.
• Inform readers on the kinds of data to be
collected
• Research procedures e.g. interviews,
observations, questionnaires.
• If outside organisations are involved , explain
how you are going to get hold of the data.
9.LIMITATIONS

• It is not possible to
include all aspects of a
research problem.
• STATE what is not
included.
• Specify the boundaries of
your research.
10.OUTLINE OF YOUR
CHAPTERS
• Provide an outline on each and
every chapter in your
dissertation.
• Briefly tell the reader what
each chapter seeks to address.
• Each chapter should always
have a title (Dissertation
Writing Stage)
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• After writing your


proposal provide a
bibliography.
• It will contain a list of
references used and those
to be used in your
dissertation.

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