20XX

How should data

preparation be done for an
analytics project?

David Manne
[email protected]
Content 01 Introduction to Data Preparation

s 02 Data Collection

03 Data Cleaning

04 Data Transformation

05 Data Reduction

06 Data Integration

07 Data Validation and Verification

 01

Introduction to Data Preparation

Importance of Data Preparation

Enhancing Data Quality

Removing errors and inconsistencies
Ensuring data accuracy
• Standardizing data formats

Impact on Analysis Results

Improving predictive model performance
Ensuring reliable insights
• Reducing biases in results

Time and Resource Efficiency

Reducing manual rework
Streamlining data processing workflows
• Facilitating faster data analysis
Overview of Data Preparation Process

Data Collection Data Cleaning Data Transformation

Identifying data sources Removing duplicates Normalizing data

Gathering raw data Correcting errors formats
Aggregating data points
• Assessing data • Standardizing data
• Creating new
relevance values
calculated fields

01 02 03
Common Challenges in Data Preparation

Handling Missing Data Managing Large Datasets

Identifying missing values Dealing with Inconsistent Utilizing efficient storage solutions
Imputing missing data Implementing data sampling
Data techniques
Deciding on exclusion criteria Leveraging distributed computing
Detecting inconsistent entries
systems
Harmonizing data variations
Implementing data validation
rules
 02

Data Collection
Identifying Data Sources

Part 01 Part 02 Part 03

Internal Data Sources External Data Sources Public Data Repositories

Departmental databases Third- party vendors Government databases
Company intranets Market research reports Open- source datasets
• Employee- generated • Customer feedback • Academic research
data from external databases
platforms
Methods of Data Collection

Surveys and Questionnaires

0 Online survey platforms (e.g., SurveyMonkey)
Paper- based questionnaires

1 Mobile app surveys

Automated Data Collection

02 Sensor data collection
Internet of Things (IoT) devices
Software application logs

Data Scraping
03 Web scraping tools (e.g., Beautiful Soup)
Automated bots for data extraction
Custom scripting for web data collection
Tools for Data Collection

01 02 03

Database Management Systems APIs and Web Services Data Integration Platforms

SQL- based systems (e.g., MySQL, RESTful APIs ETL tools (e.g., Talend, Apache
PostgreSQL) SOAP- based web services Nifi)
NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Data warehousing solutions
• Public API integrators (e.g.,
Cassandra) (e.g., Snowflake)
Zapier)
• Cloud- based solutions (e.g., • Data lake platforms (e.g.,
Google BigQuery) AWS Lake Formation)
 03

Data Cleaning
Handling Missing Values

Identifying Missing Data Imputation Techniques Handling Entire Missing Records

Methods to detect missing datanull Mean/Median/Mode imputation for Removing records with substantial
checks, summary statistics numerical data missing data
Visualizing missing data with Using regression models for more Evaluating the impact of removing
heatmaps accurate imputation records on the dataset
Differentiating between data missing Employing k- Nearest Neighbors Best practices for documenting
at random and not at random algorithm for imputation removed records
Correcting Inaccurate Data

01 02 03

Data Validation Techniques Regular Expression Usage Standardizing Data Formats

Implementing data type checks Validating email addresses and Converting data to consistent
and constraints phone numbers formats (dates, strings)
Cross- referencing with external Cleaning text dataremoving Defining and applying formatting
datasets for verification unwanted characters, spaces standards across the dataset
• Using checksum algorithms • Regular expressions for • Automation tools for
for integrity verification detecting patterns in data standardizing large datasets
Dealing with Outliers

Detecting Outliers Outlier Treatment Techniques Impact of Outliers on Analysis

Statistical methodsZ- score, IQR Transforming data to reduce impact Potential distortion of statistical
method (log transformation) summaries and models
Visualization tools: box plots, scatter Winsorizing data to limit extreme Understanding and addressing
plots values biases introduced by outliers
• Software tools and libraries for • Using robust statistical methods • Strategies for appropriately
outlier detection less sensitive to outliers reporting and documenting
outliers
 04

Data Transformation
Data Normalization

Importance of Techniques for

Tools for Normalization
Normalization Normalization

Ensures data conformity for Min- Max Scaling Scikit- Learn

machine learning applications Z- Score Standardization pandas
Improves model accuracy and
• Log Transformation • NumPy
training process efficiency
• Reduces redundancy and
variability in the dataset
Data Encoding

Categorical Data Encoding

One- Hot Encoding
Label Encoding
• Ordinal Encoding

Feature Scaling
Standard Scaler
Min- Max Scaler
• Robust Scaler

Encoding Text and Time Data

Bag- of- Words Model
TF- IDF Vectorization
• Time Series Encoding Techniques
Data Aggregation

Aggregation Use Cases for Tools to Aid

Methods Aggregation Aggregation

Sum Summarizing large datasets GroupBy in pandas

Average (Mean) Building dashboards and SQL Aggregation Functions
Median reports • Apache Hadoop and
• Count • Enhancing data Spark
granularity for analysis
 05

Data Reduction
Data Sampling Methods

Random Sampling

Definition and basic concept of random sampling

How to perform random samplingsimple random sampling vs. systematic random sampling
Advantages and challenges of random sampling in data analysis
• Applications of random sampling in survey research and machine learning model training

Stratified Sampling

Understanding stratified sampling and when to use it

Steps involved in conducting stratified samplingdividing the population into strata and sampling within each stratum
Benefits of stratified sampling in improving representativeness and accuracy
• Examples of stratified sampling in real- world studies

Systematic Sampling

Introduction to systematic sampling and how it works

Methodologyselecting a random starting point and picking every nth element
Advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling
• Use cases of systematic sampling in quality control and market research
Dealing with Imbalanced Datasets

Use of Synthetic Data

Over-sampling Techniques Under-sampling Techniques
Generation
Explanation of over- sampling and its Definition of under- sampling and The concept of synthetic data generation
need in handling imbalanced datasets common methods used and its role in balancing datasets
Different over- sampling Techniques for under- samplingrandom Methods for generating synthetic
techniquesSMOTE (Synthetic Minority under- sampling, Tomek links, and Cluster dataGANs (Generative Adversarial
Over- sampling Technique), ADASYN Centroids Networks), data augmentation
(Adaptive Synthetic Sampling) Benefits and drawbacks of under- Advantages of using synthetic data:
Pros and cons of over- sampling methods sampling enhancing diversity, reducing bias
• Impact of over- sampling on model • Considerations for applying under- • Challenges of synthetic data
performance and training time sampling to prevent data loss and generation: preserving data privacy,
maintain model efficacy maintaining data integrity
 06

Data Integration
Combining Data from Multiple Sources

Data Joining Handling Redundancies

Data Merging
Implementing SQL join Identifying duplicate
operations records across datasets
Leveraging NoSQL databases for Integrating datasets with
similar structures De- duplication techniques
flexible joins
Strategies for combining and tools
Consolidating data from Implementing master data
relational and non- relational
data different databases management protocols
Using algorithms to blend
datasets efficiently
Ensuring Data Consistency

01 03
Data Reconciliation Techniques Addressing Data Conflicts
02
Automated Consistency Checks

Conflict resolution strategies in

Cross- referencing data entries data integration
for accuracy Implementing version control
Utilizing automated Implementing data validation systems
reconciliation software rules Consistency algorithms for
Manual reconciliation for Real- time data monitoring conflict resolution
complex data anomalies systems
Use of scripts and software for
automated checks
Metadata Management

01 02 03
Importance of Metadata Metadata Tools and Techniques Metadata Standards

Understanding metadata's role in Metadata management software Commonly used metadata

data integration solutions standards (e.g., Dublin Core, ISO
Enhancing data discoverability Techniques for capturing and 19115)
with metadata cataloging metadata Implementing standardized
Supporting data governance and Workflow automation for metadata protocols
compliance metadata updates Benefits of adhering to metadata
standards
 07

Data Validation and Verification

Data Quality Assessment

Data Accuracy Data Completeness Data Consistency

Verification against original sources Ensuring all required fields are filled Standardizing data formats
Cross- referencing with reputable Handling missing data Synchronizing data across systems
data appropriately Regularly reconciling data entries
Regular updates and corrections Tracking data entry processes
Validation Techniques

Manual Review Automated Validation Statistical Methods

Cross- checking data entry Implementing validation rules Using statistical tools to identify
Reviewing reports for anomalies in software outliers
Double- checking critical data Utilizing data validation scripts Applying predictive models for
points Automated error detection and validation
correction Trend analysis to flag
discrepancies
Ensuring Data Integrity

01 02 03
15

Integrity Constraints Auditing and Monitoring Error Reporting Mechanisms

Using primary and foreign Maintaining audit trails Automated error alerts
keys Regular system audits and User feedback and
Enforcing data type reviews reporting systems
restrictions Monitoring access and Regular error logs and
Referential integrity rules changes to data reviews
20XX Thanks

Edited by David Raju

20XX-01-01 PPT DESIGN