ROBOTICS

WHAT IS ROBOTICS?
• Study of Robots is called Robotics.
• Roboticsis a mix of science, engineering and
technology to produce machines called robots that
substitute or replicate human actions
• Robotsis a electro-mechanical device, i.e that will
be used both as electrical as well as magnetic
Electrical : consists of led, buzzer, motors, sensors
etc
 History
• George Devol is the grandfather of Robotics
• First robot found by him was Unimate robot
•Theword robot is derived
from Czech word robota,
which means “forced labor”
 3D’S OF ROBOTS
•DIRTY
•DULL
•DANGEROUS
 ROBOTS TAKE ON DIRTY JOBS
•Dirty jobs are often unsanitary or hazardous work that
can impact human health
•They include waste management, livestock nurturing, and
mine exploration
•Example is the need for sewer scrapers (Bandicoot robot)
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VChT60sTZSU
•When there is a problem with a sewer pipe, a crew shuts
it off, digs to access the pipe, and then fixes the
infrastructure
A team of youngsters from
India developed
'Bandicoot'—a remote
controlled robot which
cleans manholes—replacing
sanitation workers and
preventing deaths related to
manholes.
 ROBOTS TAKE ON DULL JOBS

• Dull, low-interaction, high-repetition jobs require very little human thought

• Forexample, many workers are required in a warehouse or a big
supermarket.
ROBOTS TAKE ON DANGEROUS
JOBS
•Dangerous jobs put humans in harmful situations
•prevent the loss of human life, robots can be used
•Robots can defuse bombs, traverse distant planets, and inspect
unstable structures.
•Robots are being used to inspect bridges, defuse bombs, work in
nuclear plants and many more.
•They avoid risk to human beings.
 COMPONENTS OF A ROBOT
•CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
•SENSORS
•ACTUATORS
•END-EFFECTORS
•POWER SUPPLY
•PROGRAM
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

• CPU acts as the “brain” of the robot

• CPUs function similarly to the human brain.
• Data comes in through sensors just as informationcomes to
the neurons in your brain through your body’s senses, and then
the CPU interprets and acts accordingly.
SENSORS
• Sensors are the powerhouse of a robot’s feedback mechanism
• They act as eyes and ears to help it take in information about its surroundings
TYPES OF SENSORS:
• Light sensors : automatic street lights,
• Sound sensors : automatic door alarm
• Temperature sensors : automatic water heater
• Contact sensors : used in bath tubs to measure temperature
• Proximity sensors or
• Distance sensors : automatic self parking cars
• Pressure sensors : used to check the brake pressure in automatic cars
• Positioning sensors : Elevators – position sensors are used in
elevators to move them up and down, detect which floor they
are on and to ensure the doors are in the correct position when
open and shut
 ACTUATORS
• Ifsensors are the eyes and ears of the robot, its actuators function
like muscles.
• Actuators
are small motors attached directly to the structure of the
machine that facilitate movement
TYPES:
• Hydraulic: Uses oil to facilitate movement
• Pneumatic: Uses air to facilitate movement
• Electric: Uses electric current and magnets to facilitate
movement(eg. motors)
 END EFFECTORS
•Factory robots may feature end-effectors such as welding
torches, screwdrivers, rivet guns and paint sprayers.
•Mobile robots usually have manipulators and grippers for
lifting objects or disposing of dangerous ordinances.
•Robots like those dispatched to other planets may carry
shovels, drills, hammers, cameras, lights and other
analytical implements.
•some of the latest robotic technology uses tiny scalpels,
hands and cameras to perform surgery
 POWER SUPPLY
•All robots receive their power from electricity
•Stationary robots, like those in factories, receive direct
power just like any other appliance
•Mobile robots typically sport high-capacity batteries
•Robotic probes and satellites are generally equipped with
solar panels for harvesting energy from the sun.
 PROGRAM
•A robot’s programming isn’t a physical
component, but it’s still an essential part
•Each of the physical component of robot will
give a feedback
•Likewise program also plays a vital role for
the movement of robots
 WHAT IS CODING?
• The
process of creating instructions that perform specific functions on
computers is known as coding.
• The process of coding is just like solving a math problem.
• Coders use different techniques to solve a problem.
• For example we can take washing clothes on your washing machine.
• A washing machine is like a robot or automatic machine that needs to be
instructed on what to be done.
• It is through a programming language
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE?
• All human interactions are mediated by language
• We communicate with computers using a language they understand.
• This language is called a programming language
• Computers are programmed to perform a set of tasks using programming
languages.
• A set of instructions is also known as a program.
• In language, grammar gives a proper structure.
• In programming, we call the proper structure syntax.
• There are hundreds of programming languages used around the world.
FIRST PROGRAMMER IN THE
WORLD
•ADA LOVELACE
WHAT IS FLOW CHART?
• A Flowchart represents the step-by-step procedure to solve a task or problem in a
pictorial representation
• Terminal block: This indicates the Start/ Stop/ Halt.
• Input / Output: This shape is used to indicate input or display the output.
• Processing: This shape is used to represent computation.
• Decision:Diamond/Rhombus shape is used for making any decision which has
either Yes/No as an answer.
• Connectors: These connect two or more parts of a flowchart.
• Flowlines: These arrows represent the flow of theprogram from one stage to
another.
 PSEUDOCODE
•Pseudocode is a method of describing the
steps of an algorithm in a human-readable
manner.
•It lacks the syntax of any programming
language, making it understandable to
anyone
EXAMPLE:TO ADD TWO NUMBERS

• 1.BEGIN.
• 2.Assign the 1st variable number_1 and value.
• 3.Assign the 2nd variable number_2 and value.
• 4.Assign the variable Total.
• 5.Add two values and save in Total.
• 6.Print the output on the screen.
• 7.END
 CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
BASED ON WORK
•MANUAL ROBOTS
•SEMI-AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
•AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
 MANUAL ROBOTS
•These robots require a person to control
them.
•They are programmed to do tasks but,
manual control is required.
•These require some sort of guidance or
instructions to make a movement
 SEMI-AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
•Semi-autonomous robots are those
that can make decisions and perform
actions without any directions.
•Also, they are controlled manually as
well
 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
•Autonomous robots are intelligent
machines that can perform tasks and
operate in an environment
independently, without human control
or intervention.
 CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
BASED ON MOVEMENTS
•STATIONERY ROBOTS
•WHEELED ROBOTS
•LEGGED ROBOTS
•SWIMMING ROBOTS
•FLYING ROBOTS
 STATIONERY ROBOTS
•The robots which perform tasks without
changing their position are known as
stationary robots.
•The stationary robots include robots like
computerized machine tools, robotics arms,
industrial robots, welding robots and
computer numerical control
 TYPES
•CARTESIAN ROBOTS
•CYLINDRICAL ROBOTS
•SPHERICAL ROBOTS
•SCARA ROBOTS
•ARTICULATED ROBOTS
•PARALLEL ROBOTS
 CARTESIAN ROBOTS

• Robotic arms with the capability to move in XYZ coordinate.

• Theserobots are rigid structures and expensive with the high maintenance cost of
the components.
 CYLINDRICAL ROBOTS

•Robots with essential rotation capability.

•It can move in angular and linear directions.
 SPHERICAL ROBOTS

•This type of robot works in a spherical system.

•It can move in a bi-angular and single linear path
 SCARA ROBOTS

• SCARA stands for Selective Compliance Arm for Robotic

Assembly.
• This type of robot has two parallel revolute joints
 ARTICULATED ROBOTS

•Robots with three revolute joints.

•This type of robot has been designed to achieve
rotary motion
 PARALLEL ROBOTS

• These are closed-loop systems to support a single platform.

• An example of this kind of robot would be Flight Simulator .
 WHEELED ROBOTS
• Wheeled robots are robots which change their positions with the help of their wheels
EXAMPLES:
• Single-wheeled robots
• Mobile ball robots
• Two-wheeled robots
• Three-wheeled robots
• Four-wheeled robots
• Multi-wheeled robots
• Tracked robots
 LEGGED ROBOTS
•Robots with articulated limbs.
TYPES:
•Bipedal Robots (Humanoid Robots): Robots with two
articulated limbs.
•Tripedal Robots: Robots with three articulated limbs.
•Quadrupedal Robots: Robots with four articulated limbs
•Hexapod Robots: Robots with six articulated limbs
 SWIMMING ROBOTS

• Robots that can swim.

• Generally, these robots look like fish.
• An example of such a robot would be a SOFI robot fish
developed by MIT.
 FLYING ROBOT

•Robots capable of flying.

•The drone comes under this category.
 ROOMBA ROBOT

• Autonomous robotic vacuum cleaners sold by the company iRobot introduced in

September 2002
• They have a set of sensors that enable them to navigate the floor area of a home.
• These sensors can detect the presence of obstacles, particularly dirty spots on the floor,
and steep drops (e.g., to avoid falling down stairs).
 GIDDEL ROBOT

• It is the world’s first portable toilet-cleaning robot.

• It cleans the places in the toilet which are hard to reach.
• It cleans without getting dirty.
• It has an antimicrobial plastic body
 BIG DOG ROBOT

• Big Dog is a dynamic quadruped robot that walks, runs, and carries heavy loads.
• Big
Dog is a dynamically stable quadruped military robot that was created in 2005 by
Boston Dynamics with Foster-Miller, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the
Harvard University Concord Field Station.
 SPOT ROBOT

• Spot is a compact, nimble four-legged robot that can trot around the office, home, or
outdoors.
• It can map its environment, sense and avoid obstacles , climb stairs, and open doors.
• It can also fetch a drink.
 ROBEAR ROBOT

• Robear is a high-tech teddy designed to lift an elderly patient from a bed into a
wheelchair.
• It
comes from Toshiharu Mukai, a scientist who leads the Robot Sensor Systems
Research Team at the Riken-SRK Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot
Research.
 SOPHIA ROBOT

• Sophia is a humanoid-like robot that's capable of holding a conversation.

• This robot has appeared in several high-profile interviews and appearances.
• Sophiais also unusual in that she’s been given official citizenship in Saudi Arabia
and the United Nations title of "Innovation Champion".