SEMINAR REPORT ON

Internet of Things IOT

Submitted by
T.PRIYANSHI GOUTAM MAHANANDA
(2201288114)

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of B.

Tech Degree in Computer Science & Engineering

Under the
guidance of
Asst. Prof Swarnalata
Rath

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

ENGINEERING NM INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA, 751019
(Biju Patnaik University of Technology,
Odisha)
 NM INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA,
751019

(Biju Patnaik University of Technology,

Odisha)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is certified that this report entitled “Internet of

Things

IOT” is the report of seminar presented by

T.PRIYANSHI GOUTAM MAHANANDA bearing

Regd. No: 2201288114 during in academic year

2024-25 in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the

Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer

Science & Engineering is a bonafide record of the

seminar presented by him/her.

SIGN. OF FACULTY ADVISOR SIGN. OF HOD

 NM INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA,
751019
(Biju Patnaik University of Technology,
Odisha)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Presentation, inspiration and motivation have always played a key

role in the success of any venture.

We express our sincere thanks to Mrs. Swarnalata Rath,

Asst.Prof, our supervisor, NM Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Bhubaneswar. We our deep sense of gratitude to
Prof. (Dr.) Niranjan Mishra, Principal , NM Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar, to encourage us to
the highest peak and to provide us the opportunity to prepare
this report.

We feel to acknowledge our indebtedness and deep sense of

gratitude to Prof. B Chinmayananda Das (HOD),
Computer Science & Engineering department as well as the
faculties of Computer Science & Engineering department.

We are immensely obliged to our friends for their

elevating
inspiration,
in the encouraging guidance and kind supervision

completion of this report.

T.PRIYANSHI GOUTAM MAHANANDA

(2201288114)
 ABSTRAT

Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) gained a great attention from researchers,

since it becomes ancentral technology that promises a elegant human being life,
by allowing a communications between objects, machines and every things
together with peoples. IoT represents a systemwhich consists a things in the real
world, and sensors close to or pooled to these things,connected to the Internet
via wired and wireless network structure. The IoT sensors can use avariety of
types of connections such as RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee, in addition
toallowing wide area connectivity using many technologies such as GSM, GPRS,
3G, and LTE.IoT-enabled things will split information about the form of things and
the surroundingenvironment with people, software systems and other machines.
by the technology of the IoT,the world will becomes elegant in every aspects,
since the IoT will provides a means of smartcities, smart healthcare, smart
homes and building, in adding to many important applicationssuch as smart
energy, grid, transportation, waste management and monitoring . In this paper
wereview a concept of many IoT applications and future potential for new
related technologies inaddition to the challenges that facing the realization of
 INTRODUCTION

The Internet of Things (IoT), occasionally referred to as the Internet of Objects, will
change everything together with ourselves. The Internet has an contact on education,
communication, business, science, government, and humanity. Clearly, the Internet is
one of the mainly important and powerful creations in all of person history and now with
the concept of the internet of things, internet becomes more positive to have a smart
life in every aspects. Internet of Things is a fresh technology of the Internet accessing.
By the Internet of Things, objects distinguish themselves and gain intelligence behavior
by making or enabling linked decisions thinks to the fact that they can converse
information about themselves. These objects can access information that has been
aggregated by other things, or they can added to extra services,with the internet of
things, anything's will capable to communicate to the internet at any time from any
place to offer any services by any network to anyone. this idea will create a new types of
applications can involve such as smart vehicle and the smart home, to provide a lot of
services such as notifications, security, energy saving, automation, communication,
computers and entertainment
 CONTENT
S
SL.NO Title Pages
01 INTERNET OF THINGS ( IOT 01
)
02 INTRODUCTION TO 02
03 IOT
THE EVOLUTION OF IOT 03-04
0 HOW IOT 0
4 WORKS 5
0 KEY COMPONENTS OF IOT 0
5 6
0 IOT ECOSYSTEM 07
6 OVERVIEW 0
0
7
APPLICATIONS OF IOT (PART 1) — SMART HOMES & WEARABLES 8
APPLICATIONS OF IOT (PART 2) — HEALTHCARE & INDUSTRY 0
0 HEALTHCARE
8 APPLICATIONS OF IOT (PART 3) — SMART CITIES & 9
TRANSPORTATION
10 BENEFITS OF 1
09 IOT 1
1
1 CHALLENGES OF 1
0
1 FUTUREIOT
TRENDS IN 2
IOT 1
2
13 CASE 3
1
STUDIES 4
1 CONCLUSION 1
4 5
INTERNET OF THINGS
( IOT )
"The Internet of Things turns everyday objects into smart,
connected devices, making life more efficient and convenient."

BY - T.PRIYANSHI GOUTAM MAHANANDA

 INTRODUCTION TO IOT
(INTERNET OF THINGS)

What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interconnected devices that
communicate over the internet to collect and exchange data. These
devices have sensors, software, and connectivity that allow them to
operate smartly with minimal human intervention.

• Examples: Smart home devices, connected cars, industrial

automation, healthcare monitoring.
• IoT is transforming industries by improving efficiency, reducing
costs, and enabling data-driven decision-making.
 THE EVOLUTION OF IOT
(INTERNET OF THINGS)
• 1. Early Concepts (Pre-1990s)
• IoT's roots trace back to telegraphs, telephones, and M2M (Machine-
to-Machine) communication.
• RFID technology in the 1980s laid the groundwork for IoT.

• 2. 1990s – Birth of IoT

• John Romkey created the first internet-connected toaster (1990).
• Kevin Ashton coined "Internet of Things" (1999) while working on
RFID-based supply chain optimization.
• 3. 2000s – Rise of Smart Devices
• Wi-Fi and cloud computing enabled widespread IoT growth.
• 2008 – Connected devices surpassed the world’s population.
• 4. 2010s – IoT Boom & AI Integration
• Smartphones became central to IoT.
• AI and Big Data enabled predictive analytics.
• Key innovations: Amazon Alexa (2014), Tesla’s smart cars, Industrial
IoT (IIoT)

• 5. 2020s & Future Trends

• 5G & Edge Computing enhance IoT speed and security.
• Smart Cities, Healthcare, and Autonomous Vehicles rely on IoT.
• Blockchain & AI improve security and automation.
 How IoT Works

• IoT follows a structured process:

• Sensors & Devices: Collect data from the environment (e.g., temperature
sensors, cameras).
• Connectivity: Data is transmitted via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, or other
networks.
• Data Processing: Cloud platforms or edge computing analyze and process
the data.
• User Interface: Insights are presented via apps, dashboards, or automated
responses.
• Example: A smart thermostat collects temperature data → sends it to the
cloud → adjusts settings based on user preferences
 KEY COMPONENTS OF IOT : -

• Sensors & Actuators: Collect and react to data (e.g., motion sensors,
cameras).
• Connectivity: Wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, LPWAN.
• Cloud & Data Processing: Servers analyze data and provide insights.
• User Interface: Apps, dashboards, or automated systems display or act on
data.
1.Sensors & Actuators: A smart thermostat (e.g., Nest) uses
temperature sensors to detect room temperature and actuators to
adjust heating or cooling.
2.Connectivity: A smartwatch (e.g., Apple Watch) uses Bluetooth to sync
with your phone and Wi-Fi to connect to the internet.
3.Cloud & Data Processing: Amazon Alexa processes voice commands in
the cloud to provide responses or control smart home devices.
4.User Interface: A smart home app (e.g., Google Home) lets users
monitor and control smart lights, thermostats, and security cameras
IoT Ecosystem Overview

• Devices & Sensors: Collect data from

surroundings.
• Networks: Wi-Fi, 5G, LPWAN enable
connectivity.
• Cloud & Edge Computing: Process and analyze
data in real-time.
• AI & Machine Learning: Enhance decision-
making capabilities.
• User Interface: Mobile apps, web dashboards,
or automated controls.
 Applications of IoT (Part 1) — Smart
Homes & Wearables :-

• Smart Homes:
• Smart thermostats (Nest), lighting (Philips
Hue), security cameras (Ring).
• Wearables:
• Smartwatches (Apple Watch, Fitbit),
health monitors (continuous glucose
monitors).

Benefits:
• Convenience, energy efficiency, security,
 Applications of IoT (Part 2) — Healthcare & Industry
Healthcare:

• Remote patient monitoring (smart pacemakers, fitness

trackers).
• Smart hospitals (real-time asset tracking, AI-assisted
diagnostics).
• Industry (Industrial IoT - IIoT):
• Predictive maintenance for machines.
• Automated production lines and smart factories.

Benefits:
• Improved healthcare outcomes, reduced costs,
increased industrial efficiency.
 Applications of IoT (Part 3) — Smart Cities &
Transportation
Smart Cities:

• Intelligent Traffic Systems: Adaptive traffic lights (e.g., Siemens Mobility) adjust signals based on real-time
traffic flow.

• Smart Street Lighting: Philips CityTouch automatically dims or brightens streetlights based on activity.

• Waste Management: Smart bins (e.g., Bigbelly) send alerts when they need to be emptied.
• Transportation:

• Autonomous Vehicles: Tesla Autopilot, Waymo self-driving taxis navigate without human input.

• Fleet Tracking: UPS & FedEx use IoT to track vehicle locations and optimize delivery routes.

• Smart Parking: ParkMobile & SpotHero apps show available parking spaces in real-time.

Benefits:
• Reduced Congestion: AI-based traffic control reduces wait times and emissions.
• Better Public Services: Smart waste bins and lighting save energy and resources.
• Optimized Transportation: GPS and AI improve route planning for efficient travel.
 Benefits of IoT
• Automation & Efficiency: IoT reduces
human intervention and increases
productivity (e.g., smart factories
using robotic automation).
• Real-time Monitoring: Instant data
analysis helps in quick decision-
making (e.g., wearable health
trackers detecting irregular heart
rates). safety, and healthcare (e.g.,
• Improved Quality of Life: Enhances convenience,
smart home devices like Alexa controlling appliances).
• Data-Driven Insights: Businesses use IoT analytics to optimize operations (e.g.,
retail stores tracking customer movement for better store layout).
• Environmental Benefits: IoT helps in energy conservation and reducing waste
(e.g., smart irrigation systems adjusting water usage based on weather).
 Challenges of IoT

• Security & Privacy Risks: Data breaches, hacking, and identity theft risks (e.g.,
smart home cameras being hacked).
• Compatibility Issues: Different IoT devices use various protocols and standards
(e.g., smart devices from different brands may not work together seamlessly).
• Data Overload: Massive data generation requires advanced processing
capabilities (e.g., IoT sensors in smart cities generating terabytes of data
daily).
• Scalability: Managing millions of connected devices is complex (e.g., expanding
an IoT network across an entire city requires strong infrastructure).
• High Implementation Costs: Initial investment in IoT infrastructure can be
expensive (e.g., smart factories need advanced sensors, cloud storage, and AI
processing).
• Power Consumption: Many IoT devices rely on continuous power, leading to
energy challenges (e.g., battery-powered IoT sensors need efficient energy
management).
Future Trends in IoT

• AI-Driven IoT: AI enhances automation, decision-making, and predictive

analysis (e.g., smart factories using AI for predictive maintenance).
• 5G Networks: Faster, more reliable IoT device connectivity (e.g., self-driving
cars communicating in real-time).
• Edge Computing: Processes data closer to the device, reducing latency
(e.g., smart cameras analyzing footage locally for security alerts).
• Digital Twins: Virtual models of real-world systems for analysis and
prediction (e.g., digital replicas of manufacturing plants for performance
optimization).
• Blockchain for IoT Security: Ensures secure, tamper-proof data transactions
(e.g., IoT-enabled supply chains using blockchain for transparency).
• Sustainable IoT: Focus on energy-efficient and eco-friendly IoT solutions
(e.g., smart grids optimizing electricity distribution).
 Case Studies

• Smart Manufacturing (Industry 4.0): Companies like Siemens use IoT for
predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and costs.
• Connected Healthcare: Hospitals use IoT to track patient vitals remotely (e.g.,
wearable ECG monitors for real-time heart rate monitoring).
• Smart Cities: Barcelona uses IoT for traffic control, smart lighting, and waste
management, improving urban efficiency.
• Agriculture (Smart Farming): John Deere uses IoT sensors and AI to optimize
irrigation and crop management.
• Smart Retail: Amazon Go stores use IoT and AI-powered sensors for cashier-
less shopping experiences.
 CONCLUSION

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the way we live and work by
seamlessly connecting devices, people, and systems to automate processes and
improve decision-making. From smart homes and healthcare to manufacturing
and smart cities, IoT enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and enables real-time
monitoring.
Despite challenges like security risks, scalability, and compatibility issues, IoT
continues to evolve with innovations in AI, 5G, edge computing, and digital twins.
As IoT adoption grows, its impact on industries will become even more profound,
paving the way for a smarter, more connected future.
T.PRIYANSHI GOUTAM MAHANANDA

THANK YOU