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Lecture-2_ Video Display Devices

The document provides an overview of various video display devices, focusing on the operation of Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs), including refresh and random-scan displays, as well as color CRT monitors utilizing beam-penetration and shadow-mask methods. It also discusses Direct-View Storage Tubes, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in displaying images. Key concepts such as pixel definition, refresh rates, and resolution are explained throughout the lecture.

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3 views

Lecture-2_ Video Display Devices

The document provides an overview of various video display devices, focusing on the operation of Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs), including refresh and random-scan displays, as well as color CRT monitors utilizing beam-penetration and shadow-mask methods. It also discusses Direct-View Storage Tubes, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in displaying images. Key concepts such as pixel definition, refresh rates, and resolution are explained throughout the lecture.

Uploaded by

joneyhanson.007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Video Display Devices

Computer Graphics
Lecture-2
Contents
1. Refresh Cathode-Ray Tube
2. Raster Scan Displays
3. Random-Scan Displays
4. Color CRT Monitors
4.1 Beam-Penetration Method
4.2 Shadow-Mask Method
5. Direct-View Storage Tubes
1. Refresh Cathode-Ray Tube

The following figure illustrates the basic


operation of a CRT. A beam of electrons
(cathode rays) emitted by an electron gun,
passes through focusing and deflection
systems that direct the beam toward specified
positions on the phosphor coated screen. The
phosphor then emits a small spot of light at
each position contacted by the electron beam.
Because the light emitted by the phosphor
fades very rapidly, the picture is redrawn
repeatedly and quickly.
Working Principle of CRT
⚫ Heat is supplied to the cathode by current through
filament, which produces electrons.
⚫ Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by setting
voltage levels on the control grid. A high negative
voltage shut off the beam, and a smaller negative voltage
simply decreases the number of electrons in the beam.
⚫ The focusing system is needed to force the electron beam
to converge into a small spot as it strikes the phosphor.
⚫ The resolution is referred as the number of points per
centimeter that can be plotted horizontally and vertically.
Eg. 1280 × 1024.
⚫ Aspect ratio: Ratio of vertical points to horizontal points
necessary to produce equal-length lines in both
directions on the screen.
2. Raster Scan Displays
⚫ In a raster-scan system, the electron beam is swept across
the screen, one row at a time from top to bottom. As the
electron beam moves across each row, the beam intensity is
turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots.
Picture definition is stored in a memory area called the
refresh buffer or frame buffer used for redrawn. Each
screen point is referred to as a pixel or pel (picture
element). Refreshing on raster-scan displays is carried out
at the rate of 60 to 80 frames per second. The unit for
refreshing rate is Hertz (Hz).
3. Random-Scan Displays

⚫The CRT has the electron beam directed only


to the parts of the screen where a picture is
to be drawn. Random-scan monitors draw a
picture one line at a time, called as vector
display.
⚫Refresh rates on a random-scan system
depends on the number of lines to be
displayed. Picture definition is stored as a set
of line-drawing commands in the refresh
display file or refresh buffer.
⚫These systems are designed for the line-
drawing applications and can’t display
realistic shaded scenes.
4. Color CRT Monitors
⚫Two basic methods are used for producing
color displays
✔ Beam penetration and
✔ shadow-mask method.
4.1 Beam-Penetration Method
⚫ The beam penetration method for displaying color
pictures has been used with random scan monitors.
⚫ Two layers of phosphor, usually red and green are
coated onto the screen and the displayed color
depends on how far the electron beam penetrates
into the phosphor layers.
⚫ A beam of slow electrons excites only the outer red
layer, fast electrons penetrates through red layer
and excites the inner green layer. The electrons with
intermediate speed produce the combinations of red
and green color are emitted to show two additional
colors, orange and yellow.
⚫ The speed of electrons is controlled by the beam-
acceleration voltage. But the quality of the pictures
is not good here.
4.1 Beam-Penetration Method
4.2 Shadow-Mask Method
⚫ It can produce a much wider range of color than
the beam-penetration method. A shadow-mask CRT
has three phosphor color dots at each pixel position
with red, green and blue. This type of CRT has
three electron guns, one for each color. The three
electron beams are deflected and focused as a
group onto the shadow mask, which contains
corresponding holes for each pixel position.
⚫ The color variation is obtained by varying the
intensity levels of the three electron beams. For
example, turning off the green and red beam, we
will get only blue color.
5. Direct-View Storage Tubes
⚫ An alternative method for maintaining a
screen image is to store the picture
information inside the CRT instead of
refreshing the screen.
⚫A direct-view storage device stores the
picture information as a charge distribution
just behind the phosphor coated screen. Two
electron guns are used, the primary gun is
used to store the picture pattern, the second,
the flood gun, maintains the picture display.
⚫Advantage:
⚫Because of no refreshing is needed very
complex pictures can be displayed at very high
resolutions without flicker.
⚫Disadvantage:
⚫it can not display colors, and selected parts of
a picture can’t be erased. To eliminate the
selected part of a picture, the entire screen
must be erased and redrawn. It is a time
consuming process.

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